Gross Anatomy 11 - [Blood] Flashcards
What’re the blood tissue components
Plasma
Buffy coat - WBC+Platelets
Formed elements - Hematocric
What’s the Ph of blood
Alkaline (7.35-7.45)
What’s acidosis
Ph decreases towards neutral
What’s plasma
Whole blood - formed elements
Proteins+water+other solutes
What’s the serum
Plasma - clotting factors = serum (has antibodies)
What’re the plasma proteins
Albumins - maintain blood ph
Globulins - increase immunity
Fibrinogen, Prothrombin- blood clotting
Types of formed elements of blood
Erythrocytes - RBC
Leucocytes - WBC
Platelets (thrombocytes)
What’s the most and least abundant of formed elements of blood
Most - RBC
Least - WBC
Middle- platelets
Which formed elements of blood are formed from red/yellow bone marrow
Lymphocytes - yellow
Rest - red
Blood cells and its function
Erythrocytes characteristics
Tough
Flexible
Biconcave disk
No nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles
How many chains has Hemoglobin molecules
4 chains - e/called globin
e/chain has a disc called Hemo (iron is stored)
What does O2 and CO2 bind to
O2 binds to Heme - Oxyhemoglobin
CO2 binds to Globin - Carbaminohemoglobin
CO2 converted to____by the RBC
Bicarbonate
What’re the other names for Hematocric
PCV - packed cell volume
45%
Does women or men have higher Hematocric and why
Men > women
Because of testosterone
Name RBC according to size
Normocytes
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Name RBC according to content
Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic
How is type AB and O blood known for
AB - universal recipient
O - universal donor
Explain ABO system. Antigen, antibody
Explain Rh system (Rhesus system)
Presence of protein or not
Rh+ can’t donate to (-), can receive (+)(-)
Rh- can donate to (+)(-) can’t receive (+)
In a case of Erythroblastosis fetalis, is the mother or child (+)/(-)
Mother (-)
Child (+)
Rh factor can cross placenta. T/F
True
What’s the tx for Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Utero blood transfusions
Premature delivery of baby
Admin of RhoGAM to Rh- mothers
What’s Polycythemia
Overproduction of RBC
Gen cancerous transformation of red bone marrow
Hematocric 60%
What’s anemia
Low # / abnormal RBC
Low levels/ defective types of hemoglobin
Type of granulocytes/ agranulocytes WBC
Gra- eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils
Agra- monocytes, lymphocytes (B,T)
What’s the normal range of WBC
5,000- 10,000/mm3
What’s the difference between Leucopenia and Leucocytosis
Leucopenia - low count WBC
Leucocytosis - high count
Diseases associated with Leucopenia and Leukocytosis
Leucopenia- AIDS
Leukocytosis - bacterial infections, leukemia
Characteristics of Granulocytes
Neutrophils - most abundant phagocyte
Eosinophils - allergic rx, parasites, weak phagocyte
Basophils - secrete histamine, heparin
Characteristics of Agranulocytes
Monocyte- largest leukocyte, aggressive phagocyte, develops into macrophages
Lymphocytes- B (secrets antibody), mature B (plasma cells), T (direct attack on bacteria, virus, cancerous cells
What’re the WBC disorders
Lymphoid - from lymphocytes
Myeloid neoplasms - others but lymphocytes
Explain clotting mechanism
What’s the difference between administering vitamin K and Coumadin
Vit K - increases synthesis Prothrombin
Coumadin - opposite
What does Heparin does
Delays clotting by inhibiting conversion of Prothrombin —> Thrombin
Which drug is use to dissolve clots
TPA - tissue plasminogen activator
Mention clotting disorders
Thrombus
Embolus
Hemophilia
Thrombocytopenia
What’s the difference between Thrombus and Embolus
Thrombus - stationary
Embolus - circulating
Which factor is related to Hemophilia
Inherited disorder
Inability to produce factor VIII - plasma protein
What’s Thrombocytopenia
Reduced platelets count
Bleeding from small blood vessels
Which vit can infants lack
Vit K
