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APLUS > Gross Anatomy 11 - [Blood] > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy 11 - [Blood] Flashcards

1
Q

What’re the blood tissue components

A

Plasma
Buffy coat - WBC+Platelets
Formed elements - Hematocric

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2
Q

What’s the Ph of blood

A

Alkaline (7.35-7.45)

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3
Q

What’s acidosis

A

Ph decreases towards neutral

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4
Q

What’s plasma

A

Whole blood - formed elements
Proteins+water+other solutes

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5
Q

What’s the serum

A

Plasma - clotting factors = serum (has antibodies)

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6
Q

What’re the plasma proteins

A

Albumins - maintain blood ph
Globulins - increase immunity
Fibrinogen, Prothrombin- blood clotting

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7
Q

Types of formed elements of blood

A

Erythrocytes - RBC
Leucocytes - WBC
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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8
Q

What’s the most and least abundant of formed elements of blood

A

Most - RBC
Least - WBC
Middle- platelets

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9
Q

Which formed elements of blood are formed from red/yellow bone marrow

A

Lymphocytes - yellow
Rest - red

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10
Q

Blood cells and its function

A
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11
Q

Erythrocytes characteristics

A

Tough
Flexible
Biconcave disk
No nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles

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12
Q

How many chains has Hemoglobin molecules

A

4 chains - e/called globin
e/chain has a disc called Hemo (iron is stored)

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13
Q

What does O2 and CO2 bind to

A

O2 binds to Heme - Oxyhemoglobin
CO2 binds to Globin - Carbaminohemoglobin

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14
Q

CO2 converted to____by the RBC

A

Bicarbonate

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15
Q

What’re the other names for Hematocric

A

PCV - packed cell volume
45%

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16
Q

Does women or men have higher Hematocric and why

A

Men > women
Because of testosterone

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17
Q

Name RBC according to size

A

Normocytes
Microcytic
Macrocytic

18
Q

Name RBC according to content

A

Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic

19
Q

How is type AB and O blood known for

A

AB - universal recipient
O - universal donor

20
Q

Explain ABO system. Antigen, antibody

A
21
Q

Explain Rh system (Rhesus system)

A

Presence of protein or not
Rh+ can’t donate to (-), can receive (+)(-)
Rh- can donate to (+)(-) can’t receive (+)

22
Q

In a case of Erythroblastosis fetalis, is the mother or child (+)/(-)

A

Mother (-)
Child (+)

23
Q

Rh factor can cross placenta. T/F

A

True

24
Q

What’s the tx for Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

Utero blood transfusions
Premature delivery of baby
Admin of RhoGAM to Rh- mothers

25
Q

What’s Polycythemia

A

Overproduction of RBC
Gen cancerous transformation of red bone marrow
Hematocric 60%

26
Q

What’s anemia

A

Low # / abnormal RBC
Low levels/ defective types of hemoglobin

27
Q

Type of granulocytes/ agranulocytes WBC

A

Gra- eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils
Agra- monocytes, lymphocytes (B,T)

28
Q

What’s the normal range of WBC

A

5,000- 10,000/mm3

29
Q

What’s the difference between Leucopenia and Leucocytosis

A

Leucopenia - low count WBC
Leucocytosis - high count

30
Q

Diseases associated with Leucopenia and Leukocytosis

A

Leucopenia- AIDS
Leukocytosis - bacterial infections, leukemia

31
Q

Characteristics of Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils - most abundant phagocyte
Eosinophils - allergic rx, parasites, weak phagocyte
Basophils - secrete histamine, heparin

32
Q

Characteristics of Agranulocytes

A

Monocyte- largest leukocyte, aggressive phagocyte, develops into macrophages

Lymphocytes- B (secrets antibody), mature B (plasma cells), T (direct attack on bacteria, virus, cancerous cells

33
Q

What’re the WBC disorders

A

Lymphoid - from lymphocytes
Myeloid neoplasms - others but lymphocytes

34
Q

Explain clotting mechanism

A
35
Q

What’s the difference between administering vitamin K and Coumadin

A

Vit K - increases synthesis Prothrombin
Coumadin - opposite

36
Q

What does Heparin does

A

Delays clotting by inhibiting conversion of Prothrombin —> Thrombin

37
Q

Which drug is use to dissolve clots

A

TPA - tissue plasminogen activator

38
Q

Mention clotting disorders

A

Thrombus
Embolus
Hemophilia
Thrombocytopenia

39
Q

What’s the difference between Thrombus and Embolus

A

Thrombus - stationary
Embolus - circulating

40
Q

Which factor is related to Hemophilia

A

Inherited disorder
Inability to produce factor VIII - plasma protein

41
Q

What’s Thrombocytopenia

A

Reduced platelets count
Bleeding from small blood vessels

42
Q

Which vit can infants lack

A

Vit K

APLUS (36 decks)

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