Gross Anatomy - 1/2 [Introduction/Chemistry Of Life] Flashcards
What’re the levels of organization
Atoms and molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Mention the anatomical directions
Superior
Inferior
Anterior/ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
What’re the planes of the human body
Sagital
Midsagital
Frontal/coronal
Transverse/horizontal
Mention the body cavities
Ventral - Thoracic, abdominopelvic
Dorsal - Cranial, Spinal
How many regions/quadrants has the abdominopelvic cavity?
4 quadrants
9 regions
Mention the body regions
Axial - head, neck, torso
Appendicular - upper and lower extremities
Why does homeostasis is important?
Survival depends on the maintenance/restoration of it by using - feedback and rarely +
Examples of + feedback
Childbirth
Blood clot
What’re energy levels? Explain
Orbital regions (up 8 e-) surrounding the atomic nucleus, contain e-
Energy levels increases the farther away it’s from the nucleus. T/F
True
Define element, molecule, compound
E - pure substance, 1 kind of atom
M - group of atoms bound together
C - its molecules >than 1 kind of atom
Chemical bonds form to make atoms more stable. T/F
True
How does ionic bonds form
Atom gain(-)/ losses(+) e- in its outer energy level to be stable
The bond is formed when (-) (+) attracts each other
What’s an electrolyte
Molecules breaks apart in water to form ions
How does a covalent bond form?
Atoms share outer e- to complete the energy level and be stable
Is use to form all the major organic compounds in the body
Define hydrogen bond
Don’t create new molecules
Weakly bonds to neighbour molecule
Present in water, DNA, proteins
Difference between organic and inorganic chemistry
O - C-C and/or C-H covalent
I - don’t
O molecules larger/ >complex than inorganic
What’s water
It’s inorganic and a solvent, forms aqueous solution in the body
What’re the rx water is involved
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
What’s an acid and a base
Acid: substance that shifts H+/OH- balance in favor of H+
Base is the opposite (against H+)
What’s pH? Give examples
[H+] in an aqueous solution
Acid: stomach, vaginal secretions, urine
Basic: blood, pancreatic juice
Neutral: cytoplasm
Explain neutralization and buffer rx
N - acid+basic mixed=salts
B - forms chemical syst, absorbs excess acid/base= stable pH
What’re carbohydrates
Contain CHO
Mono/Disa/Polysaccaride
Glucose/lactose/glycogen
Difference between Triglycerides and Phospholipids
T - formed by a glycerol unit+3xfatty acids
P - similar but has P. Forms cells membrane
What’s cholesterol
Molecules have steroid structure w/4 rings -> stabilizes phospholipids tails
Converted into steroid hormones
