Gross Anatomy - 1/2 [Introduction/Chemistry Of Life]

Question 1

What’re the levels of organization

Answer 1

Atoms and molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

Question 2

Mention the anatomical directions

Answer 2

Superior
Inferior
Anterior/ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep

Question 3

What’re the planes of the human body

Answer 3

Sagital
Midsagital
Frontal/coronal
Transverse/horizontal

Question 4

Mention the body cavities

Answer 4

Ventral - Thoracic, abdominopelvic
Dorsal - Cranial, Spinal

Question 5

How many regions/quadrants has the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 5

4 quadrants
9 regions

Question 6

Mention the body regions

Answer 6

Axial - head, neck, torso
Appendicular - upper and lower extremities

Question 7

Why does homeostasis is important?

Answer 7

Survival depends on the maintenance/restoration of it by using - feedback and rarely +

Question 8

Examples of + feedback

Answer 8

Childbirth
Blood clot

Question 9

What’re energy levels? Explain

Answer 9

Orbital regions (up 8 e-) surrounding the atomic nucleus, contain e-

Question 10

Energy levels increases the farther away it’s from the nucleus. T/F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Define element, molecule, compound

Answer 11

E - pure substance, 1 kind of atom
M - group of atoms bound together
C - its molecules >than 1 kind of atom

Question 12

Chemical bonds form to make atoms more stable. T/F

Answer 12

True

Question 13

How does ionic bonds form

Answer 13

Atom gain(-)/ losses(+) e- in its outer energy level to be stable
The bond is formed when (-) (+) attracts each other

Question 14

What’s an electrolyte

Answer 14

Molecules breaks apart in water to form ions

Question 15

How does a covalent bond form?

Answer 15

Atoms share outer e- to complete the energy level and be stable
Is use to form all the major organic compounds in the body

Question 16

Define hydrogen bond

Answer 16

Don’t create new molecules
Weakly bonds to neighbour molecule
Present in water, DNA, proteins

Question 17

Difference between organic and inorganic chemistry

Answer 17

O - C-C and/or C-H covalent
I - don’t
O molecules larger/ >complex than inorganic

Question 18

What’s water

Answer 18

It’s inorganic and a solvent, forms aqueous solution in the body

Question 19

What’re the rx water is involved

Answer 19

Dehydration
Hydrolysis

Question 20

What’s an acid and a base

Answer 20

Acid: substance that shifts H+/OH- balance in favor of H+
Base is the opposite (against H+)

Question 21

What’s pH? Give examples

Answer 21

[H+] in an aqueous solution
Acid: stomach, vaginal secretions, urine
Basic: blood, pancreatic juice
Neutral: cytoplasm

Question 22

Explain neutralization and buffer rx

Answer 22

N - acid+basic mixed=salts
B - forms chemical syst, absorbs excess acid/base= stable pH

Question 23

What’re carbohydrates

Answer 23

Contain CHO
Mono/Disa/Polysaccaride
Glucose/lactose/glycogen

Question 24

Difference between Triglycerides and Phospholipids

Answer 24

T - formed by a glycerol unit+3xfatty acids
P - similar but has P. Forms cells membrane

Question 25

What’s cholesterol

Answer 25

Molecules have steroid structure w/4 rings -> stabilizes phospholipids tails
Converted into steroid hormones