Gross Anatomy - 5 [Skin] Flashcards
What’re the primary layers of the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Give characteristics of the Epidermis
Outermost
Thinnest
Several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
NOT vascularized
How is the Epidermis layer called?
Pigment layer
Pigment cells called ____ produce the brown pigment melanin
Melanocytes
Dermis and Hypodermis layers are vascularized. T/F
True
Which epidermis layers is known as the “dead layer”
Stratum corneum
Which epidermis layer is the outermost and innermost layer
S. Corneum - outermost
S. Germinativum - innermost
Which epidermis layer has keratin-filled cells
Stratum corneum
Main characteristic/role of keratin
Waterproof
Though
Main characteristic/role of keratin
Waterproof
Though
Mention skin color changes that can occur in the epidermis
Pink flush
Cyanosis
Vitiligo
Freckles
Which skin color changes you can see in the following photo
Cyanosis, freckles
Pink flush, vitiligo
What does red/pink skin color indicate
Increased blood volume/O2
What does blue/gray skin color indicates
Decreased blood O2 levels
What does patchy light skin areas result from
Loss of epidermal melanocytes
What’s described as “spot welds”?
DEJ
Characteristics of the DEJ
support for epidermis
If weakened/destroyed can cause blisters
What’s the difference between thick and thin skin in the dermis layer
Thick - parallel friction ridges, no hair
Thin - irregular, shallow grooves, hair
Name each pic
A - thick
B- thin
How are elongated marks caused by overstretching from skin called?
Striae- stretch marks
What’re birthmarks on the dermis layers
Malformation of dermal blood vessels
Mention each birthmark
Strawberry hemangioma-Port wine strain
Stork bite
Soft hair of fetus and newborn is called
Lanugo
Difference between hair follicle and hair papilla
Follicle - epidermal tubelike structure
Papilla - where hair grown begins
How is called the visible part of the hair root
Shaft
How is called the visible part of the hair root
Shaft
What’s the opposite of alopecia
Hirsutism / hypertrichosis
What’s the specialized smooth muscle that produces “goose pimples” and causes hair to stand straight
Arrector pilli
What’re the receptors of the skin
Specialized nerve endings
Skin —> sense organ
Which receptor do we use to detect light touch
Tactile corpuscle (Meissner)
Which receptor do we use to detect pressure
Lamellar (Pacini)
Nails are produced by…
Epidermal cells
Crescent- shape area nearest the root is called…
Lunula
What’re normal variations in nail structure
Longitudinal ridges
Pigmented bands
What’re abnormal variations in nail structure
Onycholisis
Pitting
Name the parts of the nail structure
What’re the types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands
Eccrine
Apocrine
What’s the function of the eccrine sweat glands
Maintain homeostasis
Where can you find apocrine sweats glands and what’s the type of secretion
Axila, around genitalia
Thicker, milky secretion
What’re the functions of the oil/sebaceous
Lubricate skin
Rejects bacteria
Waterproof
What’re the functions of the skin
Protection
Temperature regulation
Sense organ activity
Excretion
Synthesis of Vit D
What’re the mechanisms of temperature regulation
Sweat secretion
Flow of blood close to the body surface
Skin can detect…
Sensations of light touch, pressure, pain, heat,
What’s excreted by the skin
Uric acid, ammonia, urea
Synthesis of vit D is occurs in the skin but is activated in…
Kidneys
What’re the type of lesions that can be found in the skin
Elevated
Flat
Depressed
What’re the type of elevated skin disorders
Papule
Plaque
Vesicle
Pustule
Crust
Wheal
What’re the type of elevated skin disorders
Papule
Plaque
Vesicle
Pustule
Crust
Wheal
What’s a flat lesion on the skin
They don’t cast a shadow
I.e: macule
Types of depressed lesions
Excoriation
Ulcer
Fissure
What’s the classification of burns
1st degree (partial thickness) - Epidermis
2nd degree (partial thickness) - deep epidermal layers
3rd degree (full thickness) - epi +dermis
4th degree - muscle /bone
How do you estimate the burn body surface area
Using the “rule of nines”
Body divided in 11 areas of 9%
1% genitalia
54
Give examples of skin infections
Impetigo - staph/strep
Tinea- fungal
Warts - benign neoplasm, PV
Boils - furuncles, staph
Scabies - parasitic
Mention the following skin infections
Impetigo Tinea
Boil Scabies
Mention vascular skin disorders
Decubitus ulcers (bedsores)
Urticaria/ hives
Scleroderma
Mention inflammatory skin disorders
Psoriasis
Eczema
Name the following skin disorders
Decubitus ulcer. Hives
Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis
Name the following skin disorders
Decubitus ulcer. Hives
Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis
What’s the most common skin cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which skin cancer rarely spreads
Basal cell carcinoma
What’s the most malignant skin cancer
Melanoma
Which skin cancer is associated with AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
Name the following skin cancers
SCC. BCC
Melanoma. Kaposi sarcoma
