Gross Anatomy - 5 [Skin] Flashcards by Diego Tejada Cardenas

What’re the primary layers of the skin

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

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Give characteristics of the Epidermis

Outermost
Thinnest
Several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
NOT vascularized

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How is the Epidermis layer called?

Pigment layer

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Pigment cells called ____ produce the brown pigment melanin

Melanocytes

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Dermis and Hypodermis layers are vascularized. T/F

True

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Which epidermis layers is known as the “dead layer”

Stratum corneum

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Which epidermis layer is the outermost and innermost layer

S. Corneum - outermost
S. Germinativum - innermost

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Which epidermis layer has keratin-filled cells

Stratum corneum

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Main characteristic/role of keratin

Waterproof
Though

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Main characteristic/role of keratin

Waterproof
Though

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Mention skin color changes that can occur in the epidermis

Pink flush
Cyanosis
Vitiligo
Freckles

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Which skin color changes you can see in the following photo

Cyanosis, freckles
Pink flush, vitiligo

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What does red/pink skin color indicate

Increased blood volume/O2

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What does blue/gray skin color indicates

Decreased blood O2 levels

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What does patchy light skin areas result from

Loss of epidermal melanocytes

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What’s described as “spot welds”?

DEJ

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Characteristics of the DEJ

support for epidermis
If weakened/destroyed can cause blisters

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What’s the difference between thick and thin skin in the dermis layer

Thick - parallel friction ridges, no hair
Thin - irregular, shallow grooves, hair

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Name each pic

A - thick
B- thin

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How are elongated marks caused by overstretching from skin called?

Striae- stretch marks

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What’re birthmarks on the dermis layers

Malformation of dermal blood vessels

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Mention each birthmark

Strawberry hemangioma-Port wine strain
Stork bite

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Soft hair of fetus and newborn is called

Lanugo

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Difference between hair follicle and hair papilla

Follicle - epidermal tubelike structure
Papilla - where hair grown begins

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How is called the visible part of the hair root

Shaft

How is called the visible part of the hair root

Shaft

What’s the opposite of alopecia

Hirsutism / hypertrichosis

What’s the specialized smooth muscle that produces “goose pimples” and causes hair to stand straight

Arrector pilli

What’re the receptors of the skin

Specialized nerve endings Skin —> sense organ

Which receptor do we use to detect light touch

Tactile corpuscle (Meissner)

Which receptor do we use to detect pressure

Lamellar (Pacini)

Nails are produced by…

Epidermal cells

Crescent- shape area nearest the root is called…

Lunula

What’re normal variations in nail structure

Longitudinal ridges Pigmented bands

What’re abnormal variations in nail structure

Onycholisis Pitting

Name the parts of the nail structure

What’re the types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands

Eccrine Apocrine

What’s the function of the eccrine sweat glands

Maintain homeostasis

Where can you find apocrine sweats glands and what’s the type of secretion

Axila, around genitalia Thicker, milky secretion

What’re the functions of the oil/sebaceous

Lubricate skin Rejects bacteria Waterproof

What’re the functions of the skin

Protection Temperature regulation Sense organ activity Excretion Synthesis of Vit D

What’re the mechanisms of temperature regulation

Sweat secretion Flow of blood close to the body surface

Skin can detect…

Sensations of light touch, pressure, pain, heat,

What’s excreted by the skin

Uric acid, ammonia, urea

Synthesis of vit D is occurs in the skin but is activated in…

Kidneys

What’re the type of lesions that can be found in the skin

Elevated Flat Depressed

What’re the type of elevated skin disorders

Papule Plaque Vesicle Pustule Crust Wheal

What’re the type of elevated skin disorders

Papule Plaque Vesicle Pustule Crust Wheal

What’s a flat lesion on the skin

They don’t cast a shadow I.e: macule

Types of depressed lesions

Excoriation Ulcer Fissure

What’s the classification of burns

1st degree (partial thickness) - Epidermis 2nd degree (partial thickness) - deep epidermal layers 3rd degree (full thickness) - epi +dermis 4th degree - muscle /bone

How do you estimate the burn body surface area

Using the “rule of nines” Body divided in 11 areas of 9% 1% genitalia

Give examples of skin infections

Impetigo - staph/strep Tinea- fungal Warts - benign neoplasm, PV Boils - furuncles, staph Scabies - parasitic

Mention the following skin infections

Impetigo Tinea Boil Scabies

Mention vascular skin disorders

Decubitus ulcers (bedsores) Urticaria/ hives Scleroderma

Mention inflammatory skin disorders

Psoriasis Eczema

Name the following skin disorders

Decubitus ulcer. Hives Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis

Name the following skin disorders

Decubitus ulcer. Hives Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis

What’s the most common skin cancer?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Which skin cancer rarely spreads

Basal cell carcinoma

What’s the most malignant skin cancer

Melanoma

Which skin cancer is associated with AIDS

Kaposi Sarcoma

Name the following skin cancers

SCC. BCC Melanoma. Kaposi sarcoma