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APLUS > Gross Anatomy - 5 [Skin] > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy - 5 [Skin] Flashcards

1
Q

What’re the primary layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

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2
Q

Give characteristics of the Epidermis

A

Outermost
Thinnest
Several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
NOT vascularized

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3
Q

How is the Epidermis layer called?

A

Pigment layer

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4
Q

Pigment cells called ____ produce the brown pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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5
Q

Dermis and Hypodermis layers are vascularized. T/F

A

True

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6
Q

Which epidermis layers is known as the “dead layer”

A

Stratum corneum

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7
Q

Which epidermis layer is the outermost and innermost layer

A

S. Corneum - outermost
S. Germinativum - innermost

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8
Q

Which epidermis layer has keratin-filled cells

A

Stratum corneum

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9
Q

Main characteristic/role of keratin

A

Waterproof
Though

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10
Q

Main characteristic/role of keratin

A

Waterproof
Though

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11
Q

Mention skin color changes that can occur in the epidermis

A

Pink flush
Cyanosis
Vitiligo
Freckles

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12
Q

Which skin color changes you can see in the following photo

A

Cyanosis, freckles
Pink flush, vitiligo

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13
Q

What does red/pink skin color indicate

A

Increased blood volume/O2

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14
Q

What does blue/gray skin color indicates

A

Decreased blood O2 levels

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15
Q

What does patchy light skin areas result from

A

Loss of epidermal melanocytes

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16
Q

What’s described as “spot welds”?

A

DEJ

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17
Q

Characteristics of the DEJ

A

support for epidermis
If weakened/destroyed can cause blisters

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18
Q

What’s the difference between thick and thin skin in the dermis layer

A

Thick - parallel friction ridges, no hair
Thin - irregular, shallow grooves, hair

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19
Q

Name each pic

A

A - thick
B- thin

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20
Q

How are elongated marks caused by overstretching from skin called?

A

Striae- stretch marks

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21
Q

What’re birthmarks on the dermis layers

A

Malformation of dermal blood vessels

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22
Q

Mention each birthmark

A

Strawberry hemangioma-Port wine strain
Stork bite

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23
Q

Soft hair of fetus and newborn is called

A

Lanugo

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24
Q

Difference between hair follicle and hair papilla

A

Follicle - epidermal tubelike structure
Papilla - where hair grown begins

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25
Q

How is called the visible part of the hair root

A

Shaft

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26
Q

How is called the visible part of the hair root

A

Shaft

27
Q

What’s the opposite of alopecia

A

Hirsutism / hypertrichosis

28
Q

What’s the specialized smooth muscle that produces “goose pimples” and causes hair to stand straight

A

Arrector pilli

29
Q

What’re the receptors of the skin

A

Specialized nerve endings
Skin —> sense organ

30
Q

Which receptor do we use to detect light touch

A

Tactile corpuscle (Meissner)

31
Q

Which receptor do we use to detect pressure

A

Lamellar (Pacini)

32
Q

Nails are produced by…

A

Epidermal cells

33
Q

Crescent- shape area nearest the root is called…

A

Lunula

34
Q

What’re normal variations in nail structure

A

Longitudinal ridges
Pigmented bands

35
Q

What’re abnormal variations in nail structure

A

Onycholisis
Pitting

36
Q

Name the parts of the nail structure

A
37
Q

What’re the types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands

A

Eccrine
Apocrine

38
Q

What’s the function of the eccrine sweat glands

A

Maintain homeostasis

39
Q

Where can you find apocrine sweats glands and what’s the type of secretion

A

Axila, around genitalia
Thicker, milky secretion

40
Q

What’re the functions of the oil/sebaceous

A

Lubricate skin
Rejects bacteria
Waterproof

41
Q

What’re the functions of the skin

A

Protection
Temperature regulation
Sense organ activity
Excretion
Synthesis of Vit D

42
Q

What’re the mechanisms of temperature regulation

A

Sweat secretion
Flow of blood close to the body surface

43
Q

Skin can detect…

A

Sensations of light touch, pressure, pain, heat,

44
Q

What’s excreted by the skin

A

Uric acid, ammonia, urea

45
Q

Synthesis of vit D is occurs in the skin but is activated in…

A

Kidneys

46
Q

What’re the type of lesions that can be found in the skin

A

Elevated
Flat
Depressed

47
Q

What’re the type of elevated skin disorders

A

Papule
Plaque
Vesicle
Pustule
Crust
Wheal

48
Q

What’re the type of elevated skin disorders

A

Papule
Plaque
Vesicle
Pustule
Crust
Wheal

49
Q

What’s a flat lesion on the skin

A

They don’t cast a shadow
I.e: macule

50
Q

Types of depressed lesions

A

Excoriation
Ulcer
Fissure

51
Q

What’s the classification of burns

A

1st degree (partial thickness) - Epidermis
2nd degree (partial thickness) - deep epidermal layers
3rd degree (full thickness) - epi +dermis
4th degree - muscle /bone

52
Q

How do you estimate the burn body surface area

A

Using the “rule of nines”
Body divided in 11 areas of 9%
1% genitalia

53
Q
A

54

54
Q

Give examples of skin infections

A

Impetigo - staph/strep
Tinea- fungal
Warts - benign neoplasm, PV
Boils - furuncles, staph
Scabies - parasitic

55
Q

Mention the following skin infections

A

Impetigo Tinea
Boil Scabies

56
Q

Mention vascular skin disorders

A

Decubitus ulcers (bedsores)
Urticaria/ hives
Scleroderma

57
Q

Mention inflammatory skin disorders

A

Psoriasis
Eczema

58
Q

Name the following skin disorders

A

Decubitus ulcer. Hives
Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis

59
Q

Name the following skin disorders

A

Decubitus ulcer. Hives
Psoriasis. Contact dermatitis

60
Q

What’s the most common skin cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

61
Q

Which skin cancer rarely spreads

A

Basal cell carcinoma

62
Q

What’s the most malignant skin cancer

A

Melanoma

63
Q

Which skin cancer is associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

64
Q

Name the following skin cancers

A

SCC. BCC
Melanoma. Kaposi sarcoma

APLUS (28 decks)

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