Gross Anatomy 6/7 - [Skeletal System] Flashcards
What’s one of the most important functions of the skeletal system
Hematopoiesis - form blood cells
What’re the major type of bones
Long - humerus
Short - carpals
Flat - Frontal (skull)
Irregular - vertebrae
*sesamoid - patella
Name the missing structures of a long bone that
How else is spongy bone called
Diploe
Cancellous
What’s the difference between red and yellow bone marrow
Red - spongy
Yellow - hard
Where can you find red bone marrow
Epiphyses long bones —> trabeculae
What can you find inside the central canal of Osteon (Haversian system)
Blood vessels
Name the missing structures of the following long bone
Name the missing structures of the following long bone
Is the cartilage vascular or avascular
Avascular
What’s the cell type found in the cartilage and where is it located
Chondrocytes
Located in Lacunae
What’re the bone forming and resorting cells called
Forming - osteoblasts
Resorbing- osteoclasts
What’re the processes of bone formation and growth
Endochrondral ossification
Intramembranous
Most bones are developed from a process called…
Endochrondral ossification
Which process is use to form flat bones? I.e skull
Intramembranous ossification
Bumps
Grooves
What’re the bones of the axial skeleton
Skull - cranial, facial, ossicles
Hyoid
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
How many bones does the cranium and face are composed of
Cranium - 8
facial - 14
How many ossicles bones do we have
6
Bones of the skull
Ossicles
What’re the facial bones
Mand
Max
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
Nasal
What’re the type of sinuses
Max
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
How many fontanelas does a new born have
6 after birth, 2 major , 4 minor
Infant skull
How many curves and sections do we have in the vertebral column
Sections - 5
Curves - 4
- outwards: thoracic, sacral
- inwards: cervical, lumbar
What’re the C1 and C1 called and when do we use it
C1 - Atlas (yes)
C2 - Axis (no)
Mention the other vertebral parts
Mention disorders of the vertebral column
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Parts of the thoracic cage
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
How many true and false ribs do we have
True - 7 pairs
False - 5 pairs (2 floating)
Total - 12 pairs
Parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Pectoral girdle and upper limb
Pelvic girdle: coxal bone
Structures of the pelvic girdle
Coxal bone
Acetabulum
Symphysis pubis
Structures of the lower limb
Thigh
Leg
Where are the talus and calcaneous located
Ankle
Part of tarsals (7)
Calceneous (heel), talus (tibia+fibula)
Differences between male/female pelvis
Size
Shape
Inlet
Pubic angle
What’re the types of joints? Give examples
Synarthrosis (no movement)
- sutures of skull
Amphiarthrosis (slight)
- symphysis pubis
Diarthrosis (free)
- most joints
Mention structures of the freely movable joints
Diarthrotic
Types of diarthrotic joints
What’s the most and serious malignant bone neoplasm
Osteosarcoma
Which structure you can find chrondosarcoma
Skeletal hyaline cartilage
What’re the frecuente sites to find osteosarcoma
Distal femur
Proximal tibia and humerus
What’re the frecuente sites to find Chrondosarcoma
Medullary cavity of humerus
Femur
Ribs
Pelvic
Mention metabolic bone diseases
Osteoporosis
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Paget (osteitis)
Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone)
What’s a common bone infection and its treatment
Osteomyelitis (bacterial)
Tx: sx, drainage, IV AB
What’re the types of bone fx
Open (compound)
Close (simple)
What’re the types of bone fx
Open (compound)
Close (simple)
What’s the other classification of bone fracture besides open/close
Name non-inflammatory joint diseases
Osteoarthritis /DJD
Traumatic injury
Name inflammatory joint disorders
Arthritis
Rheumatoid
Gouty
Infectious
Difference between sprain and strain acute injuries
Sprain - ligament around joints. I.e whiplash
Strain - musculotendinous unit
