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APLUS > Gross Anatomy 6/7 - [Skeletal System] > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy 6/7 - [Skeletal System] Flashcards

1
Q

What’s one of the most important functions of the skeletal system

A

Hematopoiesis - form blood cells

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2
Q

What’re the major type of bones

A

Long - humerus
Short - carpals
Flat - Frontal (skull)
Irregular - vertebrae
*sesamoid - patella

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3
Q

Name the missing structures of a long bone that

A
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4
Q

How else is spongy bone called

A

Diploe
Cancellous

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5
Q

What’s the difference between red and yellow bone marrow

A

Red - spongy
Yellow - hard

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6
Q

Where can you can red bone marrow

A

Epiphyses long bones —> trabeculae

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7
Q

What can you find inside the central canal of Osteon (Haversian system)

A

Blood vessels

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8
Q

Name the missing structures of the following long bone

A
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9
Q

Name the missing structures of the following long bone

A
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10
Q

Is the cartilage vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

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11
Q

What’s the cell type found in the cartilage and where is it located

A

Chondrocytes
Located in Lacunae

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12
Q

What’re the bone forming and resorting cells called

A

Forming - osteoblasts
Resorbing- osteoclasts

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13
Q

What’re the processes of bone formation and growth

A

Endochrondral ossification
Intramembranous

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14
Q

Most bones are developed from a process called…

A

Endochrondral ossification

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15
Q

Which process is use to form flat bones? I.e skull

A

Intramembranous ossification

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Bumps

A
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18
Q

Grooves

A
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19
Q

What’re the bones of the axial skeleton

A

Skull - cranial, facial, ossicles
Hyoid
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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20
Q

How many bones does the cranium and face are composed of

A

Cranium - 8
facial - 14

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21
Q

How many ossicles bones do we have

A

6

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22
Q

Bones of the skull

A
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23
Q

Ossicles

A
24
Q

What’re the facial bones

A

Mand
Max
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
Nasal

25
Q

What’re the type of sinuses

A

Max
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal

26
Q

How many fontanelas does a new born have

A

6 after birth, 2 major , 4 minor

27
Q

Infant skull

A
28
Q

How many curves and sections do we have in the vertebral column

A

Sections - 5
Curves - 4
- outwards: thoracic, sacral
- inwards: cervical, lumbar

29
Q

What’re the C1 and C1 called and when do we use it

A

C1 - Atlas (yes)
C2 - Axis (no)

30
Q

Mention the other vertebral parts

A
31
Q

Mention disorders of the vertebral column

A

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

32
Q

Parts of the thoracic cage

A

Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae

33
Q

How many true and false ribs do we have

A

True - 7 pairs
False - 5 pairs (2 floating)
Total - 12 pairs

34
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

35
Q

Pectoral girdle and upper limb

A
36
Q

Pelvic girdle: coxal bone

A
37
Q

Structures of the pelvic girdle

A

Coxal bone
Acetabulum
Symphysis pubis

38
Q

Structures of the lower limb

A

Thigh
Leg

39
Q

Where are the talus and calcaneous located

A

Ankle
Part of tarsals (7)
Calceneous (heel), talus (tibia+fibula)

40
Q

Differences between male/female pelvis

A

Size
Shape
Inlet
Pubic angle

41
Q

What’re the types of joints? Give examples

A

Synarthrosis (no movement)
- sutures of skull
Amphiarthrosis (slight)
- symphysis pubis
Diarthrosis (free)
- most joints

42
Q

Mention structures of the freely movable joints

A

Diarthrotic

43
Q
A
44
Q

Types of diarthrotic joints

A
45
Q

What’s the most and serious malignant bone neoplasm

A

Osteosarcoma

46
Q

Which structure you can find chrondosarcoma

A

Skeletal hyaline cartilage

47
Q

What’re the frecuente sites to find osteosarcoma

A

Distal femur
Proximal tibia and humerus

48
Q

What’re the frecuente sites to find Chrondosarcoma

A

Medullary cavity of humerus
Femur
Ribs
Pelvic

49
Q

Mention metabolic bone diseases

A

Osteoporosis
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Paget (osteitis)
Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone)

50
Q

What’s a common bone infection and its treatment

A

Osteomyelitis (bacterial)
Tx: sx, drainage, IV AB

51
Q

What’re the types of bone fx

A

Open (compound)
Close (simple)

52
Q

What’re the types of bone fx

A

Open (compound)
Close (simple)

53
Q

What’s the other classification of bone fracture besides open/close

A
54
Q

Name non-inflammatory joint diseases

A

Osteoarthritis /DJD
Traumatic injury

55
Q

Name inflammatory joint disorders

A

Arthritis
Rheumatoid
Gouty
Infectious

56
Q

Difference between sprain and strain acute injuries

A

Sprain - ligament around joints. I.e whiplash
Strain - musculotendinous unit

APLUS (28 decks)

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