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Basic Nursing > nutrition- chapter 18 (vocab/disease processes) > Flashcards

nutrition- chapter 18 (vocab/disease processes) Flashcards

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1
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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2
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the oral mucous lining

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3
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

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4
Q

cheilosis

A

dry, scaling process at the corners of the mouth

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5
Q

herpes simplex virus

A

causes mouth sores (cold sores; fever blisters)

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6
Q

thrush

A
  • candidiasis
  • mouth sores
  • caused by Candida albicans (fungus)
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7
Q

canker sores

A

caused by hemolytic Streptococcus

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8
Q

mumps

A

virus that attacks the parotid gland

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9
Q

xerostomia

A

chronic dry mouth

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10
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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12
Q

achalasia

A
  • disorder of the esophagus
  • muscles of the tube fail to relax, inhibiting normal swallowing
  • “cardiospasm”
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13
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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14
Q

LES

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

scleroderma

A

hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissue

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16
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A
  • complication of severe GERD
    -squamous cell epithelium of the esophagus changes to resemble the tissue lining the small intestine
  • increases risk of adenocarcinoma
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17
Q

fundoplication

A
  • surgery used to fix GERD
  • upper portion of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus and sewn into place
  • strengthens the esophageal sphincter
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18
Q

hiatus

A

opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus enters the chest cavity

19
Q

hiatal hernia

A

occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus

20
Q

peptic ulcer

A
  • crater-like lesion in the wall of the stomach or duodenum
  • results from continuous erosion through the mucosal layers down to the muscular layers
21
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

22
Q

PUD causes

A
  • infection with H. pylori
  • long term use of NSAIDs
  • may be exacerbated by excess stress, acid, and spicy food
23
Q

excessive NSAID use

A
  • damages the gastric mucosa
  • decreases mucosal integrity
  • may result in erosion, ulceration, and bleeding
24
Q

gastroscopy

A

examination of the upper intestinal tract using a flexible tube with a small camera

25
Q

steatorrhea

A

fatty diarrhea

26
Q

short-bowel syndrome

A
  • malabsorption disorder caused by a lack of functional small intestine
  • may result if repeated removal of parts of the small intestine is necessary due to disease progression
27
Q

idiopathic

A

of unknown cause

28
Q

megacolon

A

abnormally enlarged colon

29
Q

polymeric formula

A
  • nutrition support formula
  • composed of complete protein, polysaccharides, and fat as medium-chain fatty acids
30
Q

elemental formula

A
  • nutrition support formula
  • include protein as free amino acids and carbs as simple sugar (glucose)
  • components require no further digestive breakdown
  • readily absorbed
31
Q

hyperoxaluria

A

excess oxalate in the urine

32
Q

probiotic

A

contains live microbials

33
Q

prebiotic

A

nondigestible foods that promote growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gut

34
Q

refeeding syndrome

A
  • occurs when severely malnourished individuals are fed a high-carb diet too aggressively
  • sudden shift in electrolytes and fluid balance causes complications involving several organs
  • potentially fatal
35
Q

diverticula

A

small protruding pouches/herniations in the colonic mucosa through the muscular layer

36
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation/infection of diverticula

37
Q

dysbiosis

A

imbalance of the intestinal microbiome

38
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe of an organ (often liver)

39
Q

steatosis

A

accumulation of fat in the liver cells

40
Q

portal hypertension

A

high blood pressure in the portal vein

41
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A
  • result of liver disease
  • toxins in the blood lead to alterations in brain homeostasis
  • results in apathy, confusion, inappropriate behavior, altered consciousness, and eventually coma
42
Q

esophageal varices

A
  • result of liver cirrhosis
  • pathologic dilation of the blood vessels within the wall of the esophagus
  • vessels can continue to expand to the point of rupturing
43
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

Basic Nursing (30 decks)

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