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Basic Nursing > fundamentals- chapter 2 > Flashcards

fundamentals- chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

acute illness

A

illness that develops suddenly and resolves in a in a short time

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2
Q

adaptation

A

adjustment in structure or habits

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3
Q

asymptomatic

A

without symptoms

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4
Q

autonomic

A

not subject to voluntary control

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5
Q

chronic illness

A

illness that develops slowly over a long period and lasts throughout life

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6
Q

complementary health approaches

A

therapies that are used along with medical therapies to promote health

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7
Q

congenital

A

condition present before or at birth

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8
Q

convalescence

A

the process of recovering after an illness and regaining health

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9
Q

coping

A

adjusting or adapting to challenges

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10
Q

defense mechanisms

A

strategies used to protect us from increasing anxiety

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11
Q

disease

A

pathologic process with a definite set of signs and symptoms; disease causes illness

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12
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause of disease; origin

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13
Q

health

A

the state of functioning well physically and mentally and expressing the full range of one’s potentialities

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14
Q

health literacy

A

the ability to obtain, process, and understand information related to health and illness

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15
Q

hierarchy

A

the arrangement of objects, elements, or values in a graduated series

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16
Q

holistic

A

approach to healthcare that considers the biologic, psychological, sociologic, and spiritual aspects and needs of the person

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability in their internal environment while continually adjusting to changes necessary for survival

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18
Q

idiopathic

A

of unknown origin

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19
Q

illness

A

disease of body or mind

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20
Q

maladaptation

A

lack of adjustment

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21
Q

primary illness

A

illness that develops without being caused by another health problem

22
Q

secondary illness

A

illness that results from or is caused by a primary illness

23
Q

self-actualization

A

reaching one’s full potential

24
Q

stress

A

the sum of biologic reactions that take place in response to any adverse stimulus

25
Q

stressor

A

adverse stimulus

26
Q

subjective

A

perceived only by the person; not perceptible to the senses of another

27
Q

terminal illness

A

illness for which there is no cure available; it ends in death, usually within a short period of time

28
Q

wellness

A

dynamic and active movement toward fulfillment of one’s potential

29
Q

stages of illness

A
  1. transition stage (may deny feeling ill, but recognize that symptoms of illness are present)
  2. acceptance stage (acknowledge illness and take measures to become well)
  3. convalescence stage (recovering after illness and regaining health)
30
Q

health-illness continuum (Dubos and Dunn)

A
  • idea that people are located somewhere on a continuum ranging from obvious disease to a state of optimum functioning
  1. high level wellness
  2. good health
  3. normal health
  4. poor health
  5. very poor health
  6. critical or terminal illness
31
Q

health behavior

A

action taken to promote health, prevent disease, or detect disease in early, asymptomatic stage

32
Q

illness behavior

A

activity a person takes to determine her actual state of health and seek a suitable remedy for a health problem

33
Q

racial and ethnic differences

A

attitudes and practices pertaining to:

  • birth, death, and health care
  • susceptibility to certain diseases
  • responses to pain and suffering
  • personal hygiene and privacy
  • adjustment to life changes
34
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  1. physiologic needs (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, safety, rest & comfort, hygiene, activity, sexual procreation)
  2. safety and security
  3. love and belonging
  4. self-esteem
  5. self-actualization
35
Q

stress

A
  • the sum of biologic reactions that take place in response to a stressor
  • disturb’s homeostasis and causes the body to attempt to adapt
36
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A
  • occurs in response to long-term exposure to stress
  1. alarm stage
  2. stage of resistance
  3. stage of exhaustion
37
Q

effects of stress

A

may be helpful or harmful depending on a person’s
- perception of the stressor
- degree of health and fitness
- previous life experiences and personality
- available support system
- personal coping mechanisms

38
Q

3 types of coping mechanisms

A
  • actions or thoughts that change the situation so that it is no longer stressful
  • alterations of thoughts to control the meaning of the situation before it triggers a stress response
  • control of thoughts and actions to stop a stress reaction
39
Q

ways to achieve coping mechanisms

A
  • seeking information
  • taking direct action
  • stopping an unhelpful reaction
  • discussing the situation
  • using defense mechanisms to perceive the situation differently
40
Q

primary prevention

A

avoids or delays a disease or disorder

examples:
- wearing seatbelts
- not smoking
- scheduled immunizations
- wearing sunscreen

41
Q

secondary prevention

A

following guidelines for screening for diseases (early detection/ detecting return of a disease)

examples:
- pap smears
- mammograms
- colonoscopies

42
Q

tertiary prevention

A

rehabilitation measures after a disease or disorder has stabilized

examples:
- cardiac rehab
- rehab for stroke or head injury

43
Q

defense mechanisms

A

repression, denial, projection, reaction-formation, regression, rationalization, identification, displacement, sublimation

44
Q

repression

A

unconscious blocking from conscious awareness

ex. forgetting the name of someone you dislike

45
Q

denial

A

escaping thoughts by refusing to acknowledge their existence

ex. woman whose husband died a year ago still speaks of him in present tense

46
Q

projection

A

attributing an impulse, attitude, or behavior to someone else

ex. a man who is attracted to his wife’s friend accuses his wife of flirting with his friend

47
Q

reaction-formation

A

an intense feeling is acted out consciously in an opposite manner

ex. you treat someone you dislike in an overly friendly manner

48
Q

regression

A

returning to an earlier level of adaptation when threatened

ex. a child resumes bedwetting after a major life event

49
Q

rationalizaation

A

falsifying an experience by giving an acceptable explanation

ex. a student who did not study blames their failure on the exam being unfair

50
Q

identification

A

modeling behavior after someone else

ex. a little girl dresses up in her mom’s dress and heels

51
Q

displacement

A

discharging feelings for someone onto another person or object that is less threatening

ex. a child who has been scolded by her mother hits doll with a hairbrush

52
Q

sublimation

A

channeling an impulse into a more socially desirable object

ex. a student satisfies sexual curiosity by conducting research into sexual behaviors

Basic Nursing (30 decks)

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