nutrition- chapter 10

Question 1

preparation before pregnancy

Answer 1

• maintain healthy body weight
• adequate and balanced diet
• be physically active
• receive regular medical care
• manage chronic conditions
• avoid harmful influences

Question 2

energy needs in pregnancy

Answer 2

• increased fuel demanded by the metabolic workload for both the mother and the fetus
• first trimester: no increased energy need
• second trimester: energy need increases by 340 kcal/day
• third trimester: energy need increases by 452kcal/day

Question 3

protein needs in pregnancy

Answer 3

increased needs for:

• development of placenta
• growth of maternal tissues
• increased maternal blood volume
• amniotic fluid
• growth of fetus

min. daily requirement increases from 46 to 71 g/day

Question 4

key mineral/vitamin needs

Answer 4

• calcium
• iron - increases blood to supply oxygen to fetus
• folate and folic acid
• vitamin D

Question 5

weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 5

• set weight goals based on mom’s pre-pregnancy nutritional status and BMI
• rate of weight gain:
  
  • 1st trimester- 1-2kg
  • women with pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-24.9
    generally gain about 0.4kg/week during
    remainder of pregnancy

Question 6

daily food planning/ diet & exercise

Answer 6

• individualized food plan
• varied and balanced diet
• meet both personal and nutritional needs
• eat sufficient quantity of high quality food
• avoid fasting or skipping meals
• 150min of aerobic activity per week or 30min on
  most days

Question 7

gastrointestinal problems

Answer 7

• nausea and vomiting
• constipation
• hemorrhoids
• heartburn

Question 8

high risk pregnancy factors

Answer 8

• age and parity
• obesity
• alcohol
• nicotine
• drugs
• caffeine
• pica
• socioeconomic difficulties

Question 9

complications of pregnancy

Answer 9

• anemia
• intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• hypertensive disorders
• gestational diabetes
• preexisting disease

Question 10

healthy people 2030 goals

Answer 10

• increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed at least 1 year to 34%.
• increase the proportion of employers that have worksite lactation support programs to 38%.
• increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies to 8%.
• reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive breast milk substitutes within the first 2 days of life to 14% or less.

Question 11

process of lactation

Answer 11

• mammary glands and hormones
• supply and demand
• composition
• complications
• nutrition and lifestyle factors

Question 12

foods to avoid during pregnancy

Answer 12

• mercury foods
• unpasteurized milk products
• honey
• deli meats