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Basic Nursing > fundamentals- chapter 8 > Flashcards

fundamentals- chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

communication

A
  • occurs when one person sends a message and another person receives it, processes it, and indicates that the message has been interpreted
  • continual circular process
  • verbal or nonverbal
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2
Q

verbal communication

A

spoken or written words

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3
Q

nonverbal communication

A

without words

  • gestures
  • posture
  • intonation
  • general appearance
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4
Q

factors affecting communication

A
  • cultural differences
  • past experiences
  • emotions and mood
  • attitude of the individual
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5
Q

cultural differences

A
  • personal space
  • eye contact
    • averting eyes is normal in some cultures
  • meanings of words
  • cultural norms
    • older people might not want instructions from
      younger people
  • religious beliefs
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6
Q

past experience and communication

A

how we perceive communication depends on:
- cultural values
- level of education
- familiarity with the topic
- occupation
- previous life experiences

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7
Q

emotions and mood

A
  • anxious patients may not hear or interpret you correctly
  • an upset person may speak loudly
  • a depressed person may communicate minimally
  • a person’s attitude may affect how a message is received
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8
Q

active listening

A
  • requires concentration and focused energy
  • uses all senses to interpret verbal and nonverbal messages (feedback)
  • listens for feelings as well as words
  • maintains eye contact without staring
  • makes a conscious effort to block out distractions
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9
Q

interpreting nonverbal messages

A

observe for:
- posture
- gestures
- tone
- facial expression
- smiling or frowning
- eye contact

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10
Q

obtaining feedback

A
  • checking to see if you interpreted a message in the way the speaker meant it
  • accomplished by rephrasing the meaning of the message or directly asking a feedback question
  • helps assess if a patient understands what you are saying
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11
Q

focusing

A
  • keeping attention focused on the communication task at hand
  • continually check to see that the patient is still the topic of interaction
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12
Q

adjusting style

A
  • patient’s style and level of usual communication should be considered
  • if the person is a slow, calm communicator, adjust to that pace
  • if a response is slow in coming, allow plenty of time for consideration and a response
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13
Q

therapeutic communication

A
  • promoting communication between sender and receiver, obtaining feedback
  • focusing on the communicator
  • using silence and open-ended communication
  • restating the message
  • clarifying
  • using therapeutic touch
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14
Q

therapeutic communication techniques

A
  • general leads
  • open-ended questions or statements
  • offering self
  • restatement
  • reflection
  • seeking clarification
  • focusing
  • encouraging elaboration
  • giving information
  • looking at alternatives
  • silence
  • summarizing
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15
Q

blocks to effective communication

A
  • changing the subject
  • offering false reassurance
  • giving advice
  • making defensive comments
  • asking prying or probing questions
  • using cliches
  • listening inattentively
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16
Q

general leads

A

“go on”
“I see”
“please continue”

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17
Q

open ended questions or statements

A

“tell me more about that feeling”
“I’d like to hear more about…”

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18
Q

offering self

A

“I’m here to listen”
“can I help in some way?”

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19
Q

restatement

A
  • restates in different words what the patient said
  • encourages further communication on that topic
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20
Q

reflection

A
  • reflects received message (verbal or nonverbal) back to patient
  • reflects feelings
  • encourages further verbalization
  • can be useful if patient struggles with verbalization
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21
Q

seeking clarification

A
  • seeks clarification about the source of an upset feeling
  • helps patient clarify their own thoughts
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22
Q

focusing

A

asking a goal-directed question helps the patient focus on key concerns

ex. “do you have any questions about your chemotherapy?”

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23
Q

encouraging elaboration

A

'’tell me what that felt like”
“I need more information about that”

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24
Q

giving information

A

provides patient education relevant ton specific health care needs

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25
Q

looking at alternatives

A

“have you thought about…?”
“would this be an option?”

26
Q

silence

A

allows patient time to gather thoughts and sort them out

27
Q

summarizing

A

sums up the important parts of an interaction

28
Q

interviewing skills

A
  • establish a rapport
  • the nurse-patient relationship
  • empathy
  • becoming nonjudgemental
  • maintaining hope
  • truth telling
  • application of the nursing process
  • nurse-patient communication
29
Q

sympathy vs. empathy

A
30
Q

changing the subject

A

deprives the patient of the chance to verbalize concerns

31
Q

giving false reassurance

A

negates the patients feelings and may result in false hope

32
Q

judgmental response

A
  • implies patient must take on nurse’s values
  • demeaning to the patient
33
Q

defensive response

A
  • nurse responds by defending the doctor
  • prevents patient from feeling free to express feelings
34
Q

asking probing questions

A
  • pries into patient’s motives
  • invades privacy
35
Q

using cliches

A
  • negates the patient’s individual situation
  • sounds flippant and prevents building trust
36
Q

giving advice

A
  • controlling
  • diminishes patient’s responsibility for taking charge of their own health
37
Q

inattentive listening

A
  • indicates the patient is not important, the nurse is bored, or what is being said doesn’t matter
38
Q

interviewing skills

A
  • establish rapport (relationship of mutual trust)
  • introduce yourself and ask how the patient wishes to be addressed
  • include family in greeting
  • explain purpose of interview
  • provide privacy
  • ask if patient wishes guests to remain in the room
  • eliminate excess noise
  • be certain patient is comfortable
  • draw up chair within 3-4 feet
  • sit facing patient
39
Q

the nurse-patient relationship

A
40
Q

empathy

A
41
Q

becoming nonjudgmental

A
42
Q

maintaining hope

A
43
Q

truth telling

A
44
Q

application of the nursing process

A
45
Q

nurse-patient communication

A
46
Q

communicating with the hearing-impaired

A
  • speak very distinctly
  • do not shout
  • speak slowly
  • get the person’s attention
  • maintain a good distance (2.5 to 4 feet)
  • watch for nonverbal feedback
  • use short sentences
  • paraphrase for clarification
47
Q

communicating with an aphasic patient

A
  • aphasia = difficulty expressing or understanding language
  • this patient requires specialized nursing interventions
  • a speech therapist can identify methods to facilitate communication for these patients
48
Q

strategies for communicating with an aphasic person

A
  • make sure you have their attention before you start
  • make the environment as relaxed & quiet as possible
49
Q

communicating with older adults

A
  • assess for
50
Q

communicating with children

A
  • approach at eye level
  • use a calm, friendly voice
  • keep parent in the room when possible
  • use short sentences
  • give simple explanations and demonstrations
  • allow child to handle equipment
51
Q

assisting older adults from other cultures

A
  • determine the language spoken
  • obtain an interpreter if necessary
  • enlist the help of a family member if appropriate
  • give printed materials if available and answer questions
  • beware of cultural differences in eye contact & personal space
52
Q

communication within the health care team

A
  • nurse’s notes
  • physician’s orders and progress notes
  • dietician’s notes
  • OT, PT, and speech therapy notes
  • shift report
  • radiology and lab findings
53
Q

ISBAR-R

A

Introduction
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
Readback

54
Q

SBAR-Q

A

Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
Questions

55
Q

walking rounds

A
56
Q

computerized documentation

A
57
Q

telephoning primary care providers

A
  • have patient data in hand (lab data, vitals, output, med record, etc)
  • keep chart handy and anticipate info the physician may request
  • know patient allergies and perform a quick assessment before calling
  • prepare a concise problem statement
  • document the call and physician’s response
58
Q

assignment considerations and delegating

A
  • give clear, concise messages and listen carefully to feedback
  • include
59
Q

computer communication

A
  • computer communication skills are essential
  • transmit requests for lab, dietary, radiology, PT, RT, and other services
  • medication orders
  • supplies for patient care
  • update care plans
  • computerized form of charting
60
Q

communication in the home and community

A

Basic Nursing (30 decks)

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