nutrition

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

is the act of the body breaking down food into simple substances to be absorbed by the
body as nutrients or eliminated by the body as waste

Question 2

peristalsis

Answer 2

Involuntary muscle contractions that occur throughout the digestive system that move
food along the pathway to be digested.

Question 3

physiology of digestion

Answer 3

• Understanding the physiology of digestion, the importance of healthy eating patterns, and the nutritional value of food allows nurses to promote the nutritional intake of their clients.

Question 4

digestion involves what

Answer 4

Digestion involves the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

• Esophagus: Muscles in the esophagus propel food down to the stomach

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

• Stomach: Holds and digests food using acids and enzymes

Question 7

liver

Answer 7

• Liver: Filters toxins from the blood and produces bile that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Question 8

gallbladder

Answer 8

• Gallbladder: Stores the bile produced by the liver and releases it when needed

Question 9

pancreas

Answer 9

• Pancreas: Produces insulin that helps with the metabolism of sugar

Question 10

small intestine

Answer 10

• Small intestine: Breaks down food and absorbs most of the nutrients

Question 11

large intestine

Answer 11

• Large intestine: Removes water and electrolytes from food particles for the body’s
  use while turning the rest into feces

Question 12

rectum and anus

Answer 12

• Rectum: Temporary storage area for feces
• Anus: Expels feces

Question 13

things that can disrupt digestion

Answer 13

• Stress, diet, and disease are a few things that can disrupt digestion. Common digestive issues include:
  diarrhea, constipation, indigestion, food poisoning, flatulence, and acid reflux.

Question 14

healthy eating patterns

Answer 14

• Healthy eating patterns include eating a balanced diet daily, watching calorie intake, and consuming necessary amounts of
  different nutrients.
• A balanced diet gives the body nutrients needed to function correctly.

Question 15

what are calories

Answer 15

• Calories are the energy that is stored in food and used for body processes such as walking,
  breathing, and thinking

Question 16

typically how many calories does the average person need

Answer 16

• Typically, the average person needs to consume 2000 calories per day to maintain their weight.

Question 17

macronutrients

Answer 17

• Macronutrients include protein, carbohydrates, and fat. They are eaten in large amounts, are the primary building blocks of any diet, and provide the body with energy
  to function.

Question 18

micronutrients

Answer 18

• Micronutrients are composed of vitamins and minerals and only small amounts are required in a diet.

Question 19

protein is

Answer 19

Protein is found in every cell of the body and is known as the building block of the body. It promotes growth, healing, and overall body
maintenance.

Question 20

carbohydrates are

Answer 20

Carbohydrates are nutrients that fuel the body, including the central nervous system and brain, while helping protect against disease. They make up 45 to 65 percent of
total daily calories and are the body’s primary fuel source.

Question 21

what is the glycemic index

Answer 21

• When consuming carbohydrates, the foods glycemic index, or ability to raise the blood sugar level, should be considered.

Question 22

vitamins

Answer 22

are micronutrients that promote health and ward off disease while supporting functions
of the body.

Question 23

minerals

Answer 23

support functions of the body including hydration, metabolism regulation, as well as
strong teeth and bones.

Question 24

water

Answer 24

is an essential nutrient that makes up more than half of the body weight and is needed for
every system in the body.

Question 25

weight gain

Answer 25

• Weight gain can be intentional or
  unintentional.
• When there is unintentional weight gain, the cause of the increased weight should be
  identified to see if there is an underlying health issue.
• In addition, when there is unintentional weight loss, the cause should be identified as there may be an undiagnosed health
  issue needing treatment.

Question 26

what is essential for food labels in nurses

Answer 26

• The ability to read and understand
  food labels as well as comprehend
  nutritional value of different foods
  allows nurses to help their clients
  make better food choices.

Question 27

enteral nutrition

Answer 27

• Enteral nutrition is nutritional intake through the gastrointestinal tract. This
  can include intake via the mouth or a gastrointestinal tube. Receiving food
  through a GI tube is usually referred to as tube feeding.

Question 28

parenteral nutrition

Answer 28

• Parenteral nutrition is given intravenously through a large vein to clients
  whose GI system doesn’t function appropriately (they are at risk for
  malnutrition).

Question 29

NPO

Answer 29

nothing by mouth

Question 30

aspiration

Answer 30

when solids or liquids enter the lungs during inhalation

Question 31

dysphagia

Answer 31

the inability to safely swallow food

Question 32

regular diet

Answer 32

consists of healthy foods coming from all of the food groups

Question 33

soft diet

Answer 33

contains foods that are soft and easy to digest as well as swallow

Question 34

pureed diet

Answer 34

consists of foods that do not need to be chewed

Question 35

full liquid diet

Answer 35

is a diet that only contains fluids, foods that are liquids, and foods that are liquids at room temperature

Question 36

clear liquid diet

Answer 36

only contains clear liquids such as broth, gelatin, and water