exam 1 notes Flashcards
Health promotion
Enhancing people’s influence over and improving health
Disease prevention
Primary and secondary (early detection) preventive measures to reduce disease burden and associated risk factors
modifiable risk factors
are behaviors and exposures that can
raise or lower a person’s risk and
measures that can be taken to
reduce that risk.
nonmodifiable risk factors
are conditions that increase the risk of
developing a disease.
Nonmodifiable factors include
genetics, ethnicity/race, age, and
family health history.
examples of modifiable risk factors
high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diet
examples of nonmodifiable risk factors
age, gender, ethnicity/race, genetic factors
the 5 broad, interconnected categories of social detriments of health
- education access and quality
- health care access and quality
- can be harder to get proper health care in smaller communities - neighborhood access and built environment
- people living in inner cities and crime filled neighborhoods tend to have a detrimental or not good effect on health (modifiable) - social and community context
- relationships with others, who you surround yourself with - economic stability
- in the U.S. 1/10 people live in poverty
healthy people initiative
- National health promotion and
disease prevention objectives
developed every ten years to
improve the health of all
Americans.- national disease promotion and disease prevention objectives developed every 10 yrs.
- Launched in 1979.
- Original focus was reducing
preventable death and injury. - Healthy People 2030 is in its fifth
edition.
health outcomes
- Health outcomes are the result of
health promotion and disease
prevention measures. - Wellness is a positive state of
health.
health communication
- Requires verbal and written
approaches to control, inspire, and
make healthier choices for people,
groups, and societies. - Promotes positive attitudes and
behaviors. - Needs to be evidence based,
culturally sensitive,
understandable, easily accessed,
and delivered through a variety of
media.
health outcomes example of something that effects it
not everyone watches tv and has a tv so not all information can be given that way
- not always correct. Misinformation is out there. Qualified individuals can let people know what there risks are based on non-modifiable risk factors
health education
- Learning experiences designed to improve the health of an individual or community through
increased knowledge or by influencing
attitudes. - Strategies include notifying individuals or
groups of their risk, benefits, behaviors that
need to be changed, and the tools needed to
make such changes.
public health policies
influence the health of a nation through health promotion and disease
prevention programs.
* Are influenced by three primary variables: institutions, interests, and ideas.
culture
Culture can be defined as a shared group of ideas and behaviors by people
or a society.
cultural awareness
cultural knowledge
cultural skill
cultural sensitivity
awareness - being aware that people live in different cultures and know about them
knowledge - knowing about different cultures and being able to ask about personal beliefs
skill - have the skill to talk to them about related and relevant data
cultural sensitivity - being able to be sensitive towards beliefs
levels of prevention
- Primary prevention is the act of intervening before negative health effects
occur. (before the fact) - Secondary prevention is the detection and treatment of preclinical changes
to reduce the impact of disease or injury and limit disability. (screening) - Tertiary prevention aims to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of a
disease or disability. (already has something)
what level of prevention is this: scheduling a client for a screening for prostate cancer
secondary
what level of prevention is this: implementing physical therapy for someone after they sprained their ankle
tertiary
what level of prevention is this: providing nutritional counseling to someone who has diabetes
tertiary
what level of prevention is this: distributing brochures about heart health at a center for older adults
primary
what level of prevention is this: checking all clients for depression at client check-ups
secondary
health policy implications
- There are policy implications for every aspect of health care, including
becoming and working as a nurse, access to and funding of quality health
care, and the health and safety of everyone.
HIPAA
The HIPAA Privacy Rule protects health information that could be used to
identify an individual.
* Applies to all forms (paper, oral, and electronic) of health information that
healthcare professionals and health plans transmit.
* Information may be disclosed if required by law regarding victims of abuse,
neglect, or domestic violence, regarding decedents, and for research
purposes.
EMTALA
Passed in 1986 to prevent “patient dumping,” the practice of one health
care organization moving a client based on their inability to pay or lack of
insurance coverage.
* Ensures that any individual presenting to an Emergency Department will
receive, at minimum, a medical screening examination and treatment until
stabilized.
PSDA
Passed in 1990.
* Requires all health care
organizations to inform clients of
their right to make decisions
regarding their care.
* Gives clients the right to refuse
treatment.
* Advance directives are written
documents outlining the wishes of
the person in the event they cannot
make decisions for themselves.
Regulatory Agencies In Health Care
Regulatory agencies in healthcare:
What they do: enforce standards and practice requirements that play a major role in the quality and
costs of care delivered.
Who are they:
* The Joint Commission (TJC)
* The National Committee for Quality Assurance
* The Pathway to Excellence Program
* Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)
* The Press Ganey
healthcare worker self-care
- It is of the utmost importance that
clinicians engage in self-care
practices to maintain their
emotional well-being, and prevent
burnout, moral distress, or lack of
compassion. - Self-care is an inclusive group of
activities used to promote one’s
mental health and overall well-being. - Burnout is a progressive loss of
idealism, energy, and purpose
experienced by people in the helping
professions as a result of the
conditions of their work.
The phases pf the nurse-client relationship
Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution
OARS
Open-minded questions
Affirmation
Reflective listening
Summarizing
Manifestations of Bradypnea
Dizziness, fatigue, confusion, impaired coordination
