exam 1 notes Flashcards

1
Q

Health promotion

A

Enhancing people’s influence over and improving health

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2
Q

Disease prevention

A

Primary and secondary (early detection) preventive measures to reduce disease burden and associated risk factors

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3
Q

modifiable risk factors

A

are behaviors and exposures that can
raise or lower a person’s risk and
measures that can be taken to
reduce that risk.

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4
Q

nonmodifiable risk factors

A

are conditions that increase the risk of
developing a disease.
Nonmodifiable factors include
genetics, ethnicity/race, age, and
family health history.

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5
Q

examples of modifiable risk factors

A

high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diet

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6
Q

examples of nonmodifiable risk factors

A

age, gender, ethnicity/race, genetic factors

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7
Q

the 5 broad, interconnected categories of social detriments of health

A
  • education access and quality
  • health care access and quality
    - can be harder to get proper health care in smaller communities
  • neighborhood access and built environment
    - people living in inner cities and crime filled neighborhoods tend to have a detrimental or not good effect on health (modifiable)
  • social and community context
    - relationships with others, who you surround yourself with
  • economic stability
    - in the U.S. 1/10 people live in poverty
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8
Q

healthy people initiative

A
  • National health promotion and
    disease prevention objectives
    developed every ten years to
    improve the health of all
    Americans.
    • national disease promotion and disease prevention objectives developed every 10 yrs.
  • Launched in 1979.
  • Original focus was reducing
    preventable death and injury.
  • Healthy People 2030 is in its fifth
    edition.
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9
Q

health outcomes

A
  • Health outcomes are the result of
    health promotion and disease
    prevention measures.
  • Wellness is a positive state of
    health.
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10
Q

health communication

A
  • Requires verbal and written
    approaches to control, inspire, and
    make healthier choices for people,
    groups, and societies.
  • Promotes positive attitudes and
    behaviors.
  • Needs to be evidence based,
    culturally sensitive,
    understandable, easily accessed,
    and delivered through a variety of
    media.
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11
Q

health outcomes example of something that effects it

A

not everyone watches tv and has a tv so not all information can be given that way
- not always correct. Misinformation is out there. Qualified individuals can let people know what there risks are based on non-modifiable risk factors

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12
Q

health education

A
  • Learning experiences designed to improve the health of an individual or community through
    increased knowledge or by influencing
    attitudes.
  • Strategies include notifying individuals or
    groups of their risk, benefits, behaviors that
    need to be changed, and the tools needed to
    make such changes.
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13
Q

public health policies

A

influence the health of a nation through health promotion and disease
prevention programs.
* Are influenced by three primary variables: institutions, interests, and ideas.

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14
Q

culture

A

Culture can be defined as a shared group of ideas and behaviors by people
or a society.

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15
Q

cultural awareness
cultural knowledge
cultural skill
cultural sensitivity

A

awareness - being aware that people live in different cultures and know about them
knowledge - knowing about different cultures and being able to ask about personal beliefs
skill - have the skill to talk to them about related and relevant data
cultural sensitivity - being able to be sensitive towards beliefs

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16
Q

levels of prevention

A
  • Primary prevention is the act of intervening before negative health effects
    occur. (before the fact)
  • Secondary prevention is the detection and treatment of preclinical changes
    to reduce the impact of disease or injury and limit disability. (screening)
  • Tertiary prevention aims to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of a
    disease or disability. (already has something)
17
Q

what level of prevention is this: scheduling a client for a screening for prostate cancer

A

secondary

18
Q

what level of prevention is this: implementing physical therapy for someone after they sprained their ankle

A

tertiary

19
Q

what level of prevention is this: providing nutritional counseling to someone who has diabetes

A

tertiary

20
Q

what level of prevention is this: distributing brochures about heart health at a center for older adults

A

primary

21
Q

what level of prevention is this: checking all clients for depression at client check-ups

A

secondary

22
Q

health policy implications

A
  • There are policy implications for every aspect of health care, including
    becoming and working as a nurse, access to and funding of quality health
    care, and the health and safety of everyone.
23
Q

HIPAA

A

The HIPAA Privacy Rule protects health information that could be used to
identify an individual.
* Applies to all forms (paper, oral, and electronic) of health information that
healthcare professionals and health plans transmit.
* Information may be disclosed if required by law regarding victims of abuse,
neglect, or domestic violence, regarding decedents, and for research
purposes.

24
Q

EMTALA

A

Passed in 1986 to prevent “patient dumping,” the practice of one health
care organization moving a client based on their inability to pay or lack of
insurance coverage.
* Ensures that any individual presenting to an Emergency Department will
receive, at minimum, a medical screening examination and treatment until
stabilized.

25
Q

PSDA

A

Passed in 1990.
* Requires all health care
organizations to inform clients of
their right to make decisions
regarding their care.
* Gives clients the right to refuse
treatment.
* Advance directives are written
documents outlining the wishes of
the person in the event they cannot
make decisions for themselves.

26
Q

Regulatory Agencies In Health Care

A

Regulatory agencies in healthcare:
What they do: enforce standards and practice requirements that play a major role in the quality and
costs of care delivered.
Who are they:
* The Joint Commission (TJC)
* The National Committee for Quality Assurance
* The Pathway to Excellence Program
* Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)
* The Press Ganey

27
Q

healthcare worker self-care

A
  • It is of the utmost importance that
    clinicians engage in self-care
    practices to maintain their
    emotional well-being, and prevent
    burnout, moral distress, or lack of
    compassion.
  • Self-care is an inclusive group of
    activities used to promote one’s
    mental health and overall well-being.
  • Burnout is a progressive loss of
    idealism, energy, and purpose
    experienced by people in the helping
    professions as a result of the
    conditions of their work.
28
Q

The phases pf the nurse-client relationship

A

Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution

29
Q

OARS

A

Open-minded questions
Affirmation
Reflective listening
Summarizing

30
Q

Manifestations of Bradypnea

A

Dizziness, fatigue, confusion, impaired coordination