exam 1 notes

Question 1

Health promotion

Answer 1

Enhancing people’s influence over and improving health

Question 2

Disease prevention

Answer 2

Primary and secondary (early detection) preventive measures to reduce disease burden and associated risk factors

Question 3

modifiable risk factors

Answer 3

are behaviors and exposures that can
raise or lower a person’s risk and
measures that can be taken to
reduce that risk.

Question 4

nonmodifiable risk factors

Answer 4

are conditions that increase the risk of
developing a disease.
Nonmodifiable factors include
genetics, ethnicity/race, age, and
family health history.

Question 5

examples of modifiable risk factors

Answer 5

high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diet

Question 6

examples of nonmodifiable risk factors

Answer 6

age, gender, ethnicity/race, genetic factors

Question 7

the 5 broad, interconnected categories of social detriments of health

Answer 7

• education access and quality
• health care access and quality
  - can be harder to get proper health care in smaller communities
• neighborhood access and built environment
  - people living in inner cities and crime filled neighborhoods tend to have a detrimental or not good effect on health (modifiable)
• social and community context
  - relationships with others, who you surround yourself with
• economic stability
  - in the U.S. 1/10 people live in poverty

Question 8

healthy people initiative

Answer 8

• National health promotion and
  disease prevention objectives
  developed every ten years to
  improve the health of all
  Americans.
  
  • national disease promotion and disease prevention objectives developed every 10 yrs.
• Launched in 1979.
• Original focus was reducing
  preventable death and injury.
• Healthy People 2030 is in its fifth
  edition.

Question 9

health outcomes

Answer 9

• Health outcomes are the result of
  health promotion and disease
  prevention measures.
• Wellness is a positive state of
  health.

Question 10

health communication

Answer 10

• Requires verbal and written
  approaches to control, inspire, and
  make healthier choices for people,
  groups, and societies.
• Promotes positive attitudes and
  behaviors.
• Needs to be evidence based,
  culturally sensitive,
  understandable, easily accessed,
  and delivered through a variety of
  media.

Question 11

health outcomes example of something that effects it

Answer 11

not everyone watches tv and has a tv so not all information can be given that way
- not always correct. Misinformation is out there. Qualified individuals can let people know what there risks are based on non-modifiable risk factors

Question 12

health education

Answer 12

• Learning experiences designed to improve the health of an individual or community through
  increased knowledge or by influencing
  attitudes.
• Strategies include notifying individuals or
  groups of their risk, benefits, behaviors that
  need to be changed, and the tools needed to
  make such changes.

Question 13

public health policies

Answer 13

influence the health of a nation through health promotion and disease
prevention programs.
* Are influenced by three primary variables: institutions, interests, and ideas.

Question 14

culture

Answer 14

Culture can be defined as a shared group of ideas and behaviors by people
or a society.

Question 15

cultural awareness
cultural knowledge
cultural skill
cultural sensitivity

Answer 15

awareness - being aware that people live in different cultures and know about them
knowledge - knowing about different cultures and being able to ask about personal beliefs
skill - have the skill to talk to them about related and relevant data
cultural sensitivity - being able to be sensitive towards beliefs

Question 16

levels of prevention

Answer 16

• Primary prevention is the act of intervening before negative health effects
  occur. (before the fact)
• Secondary prevention is the detection and treatment of preclinical changes
  to reduce the impact of disease or injury and limit disability. (screening)
• Tertiary prevention aims to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of a
  disease or disability. (already has something)

Question 17

what level of prevention is this: scheduling a client for a screening for prostate cancer

Answer 17

secondary

Question 18

what level of prevention is this: implementing physical therapy for someone after they sprained their ankle

Answer 18

tertiary

Question 19

what level of prevention is this: providing nutritional counseling to someone who has diabetes

Answer 19

tertiary

Question 20

what level of prevention is this: distributing brochures about heart health at a center for older adults

Answer 20

primary

Question 21

what level of prevention is this: checking all clients for depression at client check-ups

Answer 21

secondary

Question 22

health policy implications

Answer 22

• There are policy implications for every aspect of health care, including
  becoming and working as a nurse, access to and funding of quality health
  care, and the health and safety of everyone.

Question 23

HIPAA

Answer 23

The HIPAA Privacy Rule protects health information that could be used to
identify an individual.
* Applies to all forms (paper, oral, and electronic) of health information that
healthcare professionals and health plans transmit.
* Information may be disclosed if required by law regarding victims of abuse,
neglect, or domestic violence, regarding decedents, and for research
purposes.

Question 24

EMTALA

Answer 24

Passed in 1986 to prevent “patient dumping,” the practice of one health
care organization moving a client based on their inability to pay or lack of
insurance coverage.
* Ensures that any individual presenting to an Emergency Department will
receive, at minimum, a medical screening examination and treatment until
stabilized.

Question 25

PSDA

Answer 25

Passed in 1990.
* Requires all health care
organizations to inform clients of
their right to make decisions
regarding their care.
* Gives clients the right to refuse
treatment.
* Advance directives are written
documents outlining the wishes of
the person in the event they cannot
make decisions for themselves.

Question 26

Regulatory Agencies In Health Care

Answer 26

Regulatory agencies in healthcare:
What they do: enforce standards and practice requirements that play a major role in the quality and
costs of care delivered.
Who are they:
* The Joint Commission (TJC)
* The National Committee for Quality Assurance
* The Pathway to Excellence Program
* Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)
* The Press Ganey

Question 27

healthcare worker self-care

Answer 27

• It is of the utmost importance that
  clinicians engage in self-care
  practices to maintain their
  emotional well-being, and prevent
  burnout, moral distress, or lack of
  compassion.
• Self-care is an inclusive group of
  activities used to promote one’s
  mental health and overall well-being.
• Burnout is a progressive loss of
  idealism, energy, and purpose
  experienced by people in the helping
  professions as a result of the
  conditions of their work.

Question 28

The phases pf the nurse-client relationship

Answer 28

Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution

Question 29

OARS

Answer 29

Open-minded questions
Affirmation
Reflective listening
Summarizing

Question 30

Manifestations of Bradypnea

Answer 30

Dizziness, fatigue, confusion, impaired coordination