Health promotion, wellness, and disease prevention Flashcards
discuss the impact of health promotion and disease prevention on health and wellness
these all work to keep people healthy by providing information and resources to enable informed decision making
discuss the impact of personal beliefs and other factors on health status
can affect the health outcomes by shaping a client’s acceptance and adherence to recommended lifestyle changes and prescribed treatment
health promotion
- the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
- the actions taken by nurses, health care workers, and others to empower clients to take control over their own health habits for a healthier life
what may health promotion involve
the nurse giving information or resources to the clients about a topic of interest so that the clients can act or make informed decisions about their health
- example may be education focused on reducing the incidence of heart disease
wellness
a positive state of health
- the actions taken by individuals to achieve their fullest potential for complete, holistic health
disease prevention
Specific, population-based and individual-based interventions for primary and secondary (early detection) prevention, aiming to minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors
how does the World Health Organization define health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health
what is an example of effective health communication
sharing actual clients courageous real-life stories of the long-term consequences of tobacco addiction
health education
Learning experiences that are designed to improve the health of an individual or community through increased knowledge or by influencing attitudes.
how can health education be effective
is must be written and presented at a level that the client can easily grasp and understand
the foundational principles of the healthy people program
- Provide a framework that focuses on foundational principles, the development of overarching goals, constructing a plan of action, and providing history and context that will promote healthy habits of Americans for the next decade.
- Provide public access to a collection of data on American health trends and issues for the past 10 years.
- Provide tools for health professionals to use with clients and in communities.
- Offer interactive access so that members of the public can use this information.
A nurse is preparing to give a presentation to a group of clients in the community about Healthy People. The nurse knows that which of the following options should be included
goals and objectives for healthy habits
health outcomes
A nurse is preparing to give a presentation to a group of clients in the community about Healthy People. The nurse knows that which of the following options should be included
example of self care: knowledge and health literacy
Increase one’s understanding and knowledge of health, wellness, and disease.
example of self care: mental well-being and self-awareness
Implement measures to improve one’s life satisfaction and an awareness of one’s own health status.
example of self care: physical activity
Participate in a moderate level of exercise several times a week at regular intervals.
example of self care: healthy eating
Consume an appropriate caloric intake of nutritious foods.
example of self care: risk avoidance
Receive vaccinations, practice safe sex, avoid tobacco use, and limit alcohol intake.
example of self care: good hygiene
practice handwashing, dental hygiene, and washing foods prior to consumption
workplace conditions may produce what?
physical and mental strain, and result in back injuries, relationship problems, or coping issues. The added responsibility of caring for children and families when nurses are not working often contributes to a cycle of fatigue and poor self-care for these professionals.
risk factors are a condtion?
a condition that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or altered health condition
modifiable risk factor
behaviors and actions that can affect a client’s risk for developing a disease
WHO identified what 3 common modifiable risk factors responsible for the development of the majority of chronic diseases
an unhealthy and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise, use of tobacco products
nonmodifiable risk factors
- risk factors that cannot be changed
- include age, gender, ethnicity/race, and family history
when do health concerns with the environment arise
- when these environmental have issues related to poor indoor air quality, heating, and sanitation. Electrical and fire hazards, structural safety, presence of lead paint
what are some indoor effects that lead to respiratory diseases
lead paint, cockroaches, mice, radon (gas)
socioeconomic factors
- poverty; more likely to report poor health, and have higher rates of stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases
culture
the learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways
the client is?
ultimately the decision make regarding care, but family members may still play a vital role in desicions
prevention
the action of stopping something from happening
primary prevention
- the act of intervening before negative health effects occur
- focuses on decreasing the risk for development of medical conditions by changing behaviors or minimizing exposures.
secondary prevention
- to reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability
tertiary prevention
- an inclusive group of activities nurses can utilize to promote one’s mental health and overall well-being
- can include education about self-care to prevent further complications
- can also include rehabilitation
quaternary prevention
- focuses on protecting clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good
example of primary prevention
- teaching bicycle safety to school age children
- discussing the prevention of sexually transmitted infections with a community group
- distributing brochures about heart health at a center for older adults
examples of secondary prevention
- checking all clients for depression at well client checkups
- scheduling a client for a screening for prostate cancer
examples of tertiary preventions
- leading a support group for clients who have post-traumatic stress disorder
- nutritional counseling for a client who has diabetes mellitus
- implementing bladder retraining with a client who has a spinal cord injury
A nurse is developing a program to target obesity in the community. Identify how the nurse can incorporate primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention into this program.
Primary prevention - Encourage healthy eating habits and exercise to prevent clients from becoming obese. Secondary prevention - Check the weight and body mass index (BMI) of clients at each well checkup to screen for obesity. Tertiary prevention - Counsel clients who are obese on weight loss programs.
As a nurse, what are some health screenings you can think of to incorporate into your clients’ comprehensive health plans?
Health screenings are a form of secondary prevention that should be incorporated into your clients’ comprehensive health plans. Examples of health screenings include: Mammography to screen for breast cancer Cholesterol blood test to screen for high cholesterol Back exam to screen for scoliosis Hearing and vision to screen for sensory deficits or changes Colonoscopy to screen for colon cancer Blood glucose test to screen for diabetes mellitus
n the scenario, the nurse identifies that the client’s blood pressure is elevated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- Ask the client about a family history of high blood pressure.
- Refer the client for a follow-up with their primary care provider.
- Identify if the client has risk factors for heart disease.
- Discuss a heart-healthy lifestyle with the client.
- Provide the client with information about high blood pressure.
A nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise to achieve weight loss. Which of the following topics is the nurse teaching to the client?
health promotion
A nurse is teaching a group of guardians about primary prevention techniques. Which of the following topics should the nurse include as an example of primary prevention?
taking measures to decrease the rick of childhood injuries within the home
A nurse is teaching a client about the International Self-Care Foundation’s seven pillars of self-care. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
“I will perform moderate exercise several times each week”
A nurse at a hospital is interviewing a newly admitted client. The client tells the nurse they would like to adhere to their cultural beliefs during their hospitalization. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to provide the client with culturally competent care? (Select all that apply.)
- Listen to the client’s request with respect and compassion
- reassure the client that they can practice their cultural beliefs if safe to self and others
- provide resources to meet the client’s cultural needs
A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors to their health. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of a modifiable risk factor?
tobacco use
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication.
tertiary prevention
A nurse at a clinic is providing free blood pressure screenings for clients. Which of the following levels of health prevention is the nurse demonstrating?
secondary prevention
A nurse is discussing the Healthy People initiative with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should nurse include?
the program focuses on providing goals and data for improved public health
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health literacy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
a client’s comprehension of education can be affected by low health literacy
A nurse is caring for a client who reports an improved diet, exercising 30 min a day for 5 days a week, and an overall sense of improved health. The nurse should identify that the client is describing a positive state of health known as which of the following?
wellness
A home health nurse is visiting a client who lives in an older home and is concerned about their child’s exposure to lead paint in the house. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a potential health risk from exposure to lead paint?
learning disabilities
- can cause lower IQ, difficulty with speech, and issues with muscle coordination
A nurse is speaking to a client who smokes tobacco and has a child living in the home. The nurse should identify that the child’s exposure to second-hand smoke is an example of which of the following types of risk factors?
environmental
A nurse is preparing to administer an influenza vaccine to a client. The client states that they understand being immunized will help protect them against the influenza virus. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating by administering the vaccine?
disease prevention
