Exam 3 Flashcards
● Nurses help clients build skills to be accountable for their own health, feel empowered and to —— for themselves.
Nurses help clients build skills to be accountable for their own health, feel empowered and to advocate for themselves.
what are the goals of client education
○ Health promotion – any activity that works to improve a client’s health
○ Restoration of health – any activity that works to improve the health of a client with an illness or injury
○ Adaptation to permanent illness or injury – assisting a client to adapt their life to accommodate permanent health alterations
- the most important goal is to prevent illness and disease
cognitive domain
the thinking domain; where a client must think through the information presented to them and be able to comprehend the info
affective domain
the domain involving client’s feelings, precisely their values, attitudes, and beliefs.
psychomotor domain
involving the use of hands-on fine and gross motor skills.
- teaching someone how to use crutches
● Think about ways in which you would facilitate understanding in someone with a sensory deficit (like hearing loss).
○ The nurse should assess the client to determine their strengths and deficit. They should then utilize critical thinking and planning to decide on the best course of action for treatment.
- be facing them, speak at a good rate of voice, limit distractions
■ May need to involve a family member for help.
● How would you teach someone who has impaired cognition? (confused)
○ The client may benefit from family involvement and frequent evaluations. The teach back method could also be good based on the level of confusion.
- include other people who are in the room with them
● What is “return demonstration?”
○ Something allowing the learner to perform the skill with feedback. A way in which after being taught the learner shows their understanding of something like checking blood sugar by doing it themselves.
● What are the different teaching strategies?
- Group instruction – involves two or more clients who are obtaining the same learning material simultaneously
- Individual instruction – occurs when the educational session engages only the learner and the teacher and is the most common form.
- Teach back – a method uses to determine the client’s level of understanding by having the client explain back to the nurse the information that was taught.
● What are ways to facilitate learning in the older adult population?
○ Reducing as many distractions as possible, speaking in a low-tone voice, allowing for extra time for instruction, provide further info if needed but in smaller pieces
● Why is it important to assess a client’s “readiness to learn”?
○ In order for client education to be successful the client needs to demonstrate that they are ready to learn and have the ability to engage in education by being present and active.
common household abbreviations
drop (gtt) 10, 12, 15 or 20 gtt = 1 mL
microdrop (mcgtt) 60 mcgtt = 1 mL
tablespoon (Tbsp or Tbs) 1 Tbsp = 3 tsp = 15 mL
ounce (oz) 1 oz = 30 mL
pound (lb) 1 lb = 16 oz
cup (C) 1 C = 8 oz = 240 mL
teaspoon (tsp) 1 tsp = 5 mL
pint (pt) 1 pt = 2 C
quart (qt) 1 qt = 4 C
gallon (gal) 1 gal = 4 qt
● Food-medication interactions - vitamin C helps absorb what?
○ Vitamin C helps to absorb iron, but iron is poorly absorbed with high calcium or antiacids with magnesium.
● What are the different routes of medication administration?
○ Intravenous is fastest followed by intramuscular. Transdermal is the slowest.
○ Oral – medication taken by mouth, absorbed through GI tract.
○ Topical – medication applied directly to skin or mucous membranes.
○ Transdermal – medication delivered through the skin through patches
○ Intravenous – medications are delivered directly to the bloodstream through a vein
○ Intramuscular – the medication is administered directly into the muscle tissue
○ Subcutaneous – medication is injected into the tissue layer between the skin and mucous layer
buccal - a local anesthetic injection into the soft tissue of the cheek, opposite the mandibular molars.
Which ones are fastest acting and Slowest routes of medication administration?
intravenous followed by intramuscular
slowest - transdermal
● What is an incident report? What all should be included in an incident report? (in ATI module)
○ When a nurse completes an incident report the nurse should explain the situation surrounding the error, including what happened, which actions were taken, who was involved, and what might have played into the error occurring.
■ It is important to only state the facts, and know it is considered a legal document.
● What special considerations and actions should we take prior to administering otic medications?
○ Check the clients ear canal for occlusion due to drainage or ear wax (cerumen). Make sure to clean the pinna and external ear canal prior to administration if needed.
- make sure its at room temp, make sure you irrigate if dirty, shake the drops
● Can OTC and herbal medications interfere with other medications? (refer to medication administration module under the section “client medication education” numbers 5 and 6).
Make sure the maintain a complete list of all medications, and include all over the counter and herbal medications. All health care provides need to know about all medications including over the counter ones to avoid duplication or adverse effects.
- make sure they talk with their provider before they start taking new medications
what are the 6 rights to medication administration? What are the additional rights?
○ Right client, right dose, right medication, right route of administration, right time of delivery, right documentation
■ Right to refuse, right assessment, right education, right response/evaluation
● What is medication reconciliation and when does it occur? Why is it important?
○ Is it performed anytime the care of the client is transferred form one health care professional to another, such as when they return to or come to another location.
■ Upon admission
○ Makes sure to ensure the continuity of care, and making sure to update, coordinate, and communication accurate client medication information
● What are some factors that might play a role in how well the medication is working (or not?)
○ Drug-drug or drug-food interaction, an allergy, a nurse or human error, genetics, multi-drug resistant illness, disease state, culture, ethnicity, diet, etc.
● What is a black box warning? (BBW)
○ Is issued on any medication that might produce lethargic or iatrogenic reactions
what are some examples of black box warning medications
■ Loop diuretics, estrogen, iron supplements, naproxen, birth control, aspirin.
what are some examples of potentially fatal drug reactions
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
anaphylaxis
overdosing
what are teratogenic medications
medications that are known to cause fetal defects, pregnancy loss, developmental disabilities, or prematurity
