infection control and isolation Flashcards
Explain the elements of the chain of infection and the body’s defenses.
the infectious agent (pathogen), reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host;
Describe the manifestations of an inflammatory response, local and systemic infections, and related diagnostic tests.
An inflammatory response manifests locally with redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function at the site of injury or infection, while systemic manifestations include fever, elevated white blood cell count, increased heart rate, and elevated acute phase proteins like C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood
Relate principles of medical and surgical asepsis and their application to client care.
Medical and surgical asepsis are both important for preventing the spread of microorganisms and keeping patients safe
Differentiate between standard precautions and various types of isolation precautions.
- Standard precautions are a set of basic infection control practices applied to all patients, regardless of their diagnosis, to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases through contact with bodily fluids, while
- isolation precautions are specific measures used for patients with known or suspected infections that require additional protection beyond standard precautions, categorized into contact, droplet, and airborne precautions based on the mode of transmission of the pathogen involved
identify the nursing interventions that can protect against infection
hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, PPE, sterilization, transmission-based precautions, aseptic technique, environmental hygiene
Which of the following factors are examples of reservoirs in the chain of infection?
health care workers, equipment, clients, furniture
steps of inflammatory response
bacteria invade an open wound
histamine, kinins and prostaglandins arrive at the site
plasma from the blood enters the site
phagocytosis occurs
pus develops
A nurse is performing hand hygiene after caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile. Which of the following hand hygiene methods should the nurse use?
soap and water
A nurse is wearing gloves while caring for a client. In which of the following situations should the nurse obtain a new pair of gloves?
after changing a dressing on the client and before documenting findings on a computer
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about needlestick injuries. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
reporting needlestick injuries to the nursing supervisor
A nurse is caring for a client who has acquired an infection from a visitor. The client is an example of which of the following links in the chain of infection?
susceptible host
A nurse is assisting in providing an in-service about infectious agents to a group of nurses. The nurse should include in the teaching that tuberculosis is transmitted by which of the following modes of transmission?
airborne
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about laboratory tests that can indicate generalized inflammation. The nurse should include which of the following laboratory tests?
c-reactive protein
A nurse is caring for a client who is on contact precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
place the client in a private room
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about surgical asepsis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
remove nail polish on your fingernails if it is chipped
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about infection control. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following types of precautions requires the use of an N95 mask?
airborne
A nurse is assisting with implementing an infection control bundle for clients at risk for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the bundle?
try to use alternatives before inserting indwelling urinary catheters
A nurse is supervising a newly licensed nurse perform hand hygiene. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the procedure?
turns off the faucet with a towel
A nurse is planning to admit a client who has respiratory syncytial virus. Which of the following precautions should the nurse plan to implement?
droplet
A nurse is caring for a client who states, “I am feeling so much better. My fever is gone, and I have a good appetite.” The nurse should identify the client is likely in which of the following stages of infection?
convalescence
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about infectious agents. The nurse should include in the teaching that pertussis is transmitted by which of the following modes of transmission?
droplet
A nurse is assisting with teaching about personal protective equipment with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
gloves should be removed from the inside out
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about hand hygiene for surgical asepsis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
apply chlorhexidine and ethanol to the hands
A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIR). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
the door to the AIIR should remain closed
A nurse is setting up a sterile field to perform a dressing change on a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
open the first flap on the sterile package away from their body
A nurse is caring for a client who has influenza. The client asks how they acquired the infectious agent. The nurse should inform the client that influenza is transmitted by which of the following modes?
droplet
