ATI flashcards unit 3
client education
an ongoing, goal-driven, interactive process that provides clients with new information
cognitive domain
the thinking domain
affective domain
the learning domain that involves the client’s feelings regarding values, attitudes, and beliefs
psychomotor domain
the learning domain that engages clients to accept the nurse’s educational material and to learn skills that they can apply in their lives; often uses hands-on fine and gross motor skills
relevance
the client’s understanding of why client education is needed and how they would benefit from education
motivation
the clients ability to engage in the learning process by deciding when, where, and how they will elarn; it allows the client to take ownership and gain a desire for learning
readiness
the client shows the ability to engage in the educational process by being present and actively participating in the process
health literacy
the clients ability to read, write, and understand basic health information
barrier to learning
something that hinders learning
low-stimulus environment
the optimal learning environment, which reduce distractions and provides good ventilation, adequate lighting, and a comfortable temperature
feedback
helpful information provided to the client to aid in the improvement of client education
teach-back
an instruction method used to determine the client’s level of understanding of the educational material that was provided; it allows the nurse to confirm that the client received the information accurately and correctly
self-bias
personal perceptions or stereotypes regarding situations, people, or actions
SMART outcome
a specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timed goal; it allows the nurse to provide nursing care specific to the client’s needs and to thoroughly evaluate the client’s acocmplishments
client-centered
involving and engaging the client throughout the nursing process
the four components of pharmacokinetics
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
peak blood level
the highest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream, which occurs when absorption is complete
trough blood level
the lowest concentration of the drug in the bloodstream
half-life
the length of time it takes for a drug’s concentration in the bloodstream to decrease by 50%. half-lives vary between drugs
black box warning
a warning placed on drug packaging that indicates risks and potentially lethal adverse effects associated with the medication’s use
medical interactions
Drug-drug
Drug-food
Drug-herbal
factors that influence the effects of medications
clients weight
organ function
cultural aspects
rate of metabolism
comorbidities
information required on a medication administration
clients name
the date/time the prescription was written
the medication name
the dosage
the route of frequency and administration
the providers signature
indications for use of the medication
when should you complete a medication reconciliation sheet
upon client admission
anytime one client transfers from one level of care to another
anytime the client transitions from one healthcare facility to another
upon discharge
factors contributing to medication errors
nurse’s lack of medication knowledge
failure to follow the rights of medication administration
interruption during the medication preparation and delivery processes
ignoring warning signs or alerts
steps to take in the event that a medication error occurs
assess the clients condition
notify the clients health care provider
follow facility protocols
complete an incident/occurrence report
high-alert medications
medications that can result in considerable harm to a client if administered in incorrect doses or through incorrect routes. Safety protocols are put in place for such medications, including the verification of information by the two nurses.
what are some examples of high-alert medications
insulin, opiates, intravenous heparin, potassium chloride
enteral administration of medicine
medications are administered via the GI tract. Oral, sublingual, buccal, enteral
parenteral administration of medications
medications that are administered into the intradermal, subcutaneous, muscular tissues
intradermal injections
diagnostic testing such as allergies or tuberculosis insertion: at a 5 to 15 degree angle, and no more than 0.1ml
typically done at the ventral aspect of the arm or the client’s back
subcutaneous injections
administration of medications that require a prolonged absorption time, such as insulin or heparin.
insert at a 45 to 90 degree angle, and depending on the amount.
intramuscular injection
administration of medications that are viscous or irritating, that are larger in volume that can be administered subcutaneously, or one that requires a more rapid absorption rate
safety calculating doses
determine the desired outcome of the calculation
analyze the components within the dosage calculation problem to obtain information needed to get the desired outcome.
weight conversions
pounds to kg: divide pounds by 2.2 kg
kg to pounds: multiply the pounds by 2.2
health literacy
the ability of clients to access, process, comprehend, and integrate basic health information into their lives. To promote comprehension of health education, it is recommended that nurses assess a client’s health literacy level and tailor client education material to the reading and comprehension level the client can understand.
human development
a lifelong process of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional growth and change
define the cephalocaudal principle of development
human development follows a head to toe progression
name the four types of teratogens
physical agents, metabolic conditions, infections, and medications
fontanels
“soft spots” located at the anterior and posterior of the newborn’s skull
parallel play
toddlers exhibit this
at what age should an infant be able to sit unsupported
10 months
object permanence
understanding that an object does not disappear even when it can not be seen
during which stage of development should the child be able to state their first and last name and count to 20?
preschool age
what factors influence the onset of puberty
genetics, environment, sex
in what stage of development do males begin to experience a decline in testosterone levels
middle adulthood
what are some reasons why people in the stage of late adulthood might not have healthy nutrition
living alone, loss of a loved one, unemployed, lack of money for food, decreased appetite, lack of social network, inability to travel to stores
how would a nurse evaluate achievement of autonomy
toddlers should have the skills to feed and dress themselves, and achievement or progression of achievement in toilet training
egocentrism
object permanence
preoperational
sensorimotor
what should be consumed to prevent spina bifida
folic acid
what is the leading cause of death among children
unintentional injuries
childhood obesity increases the risk for?
type 2 diabetes, cardiac disease, hypertension, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal problems, psychological disorders
name the AHA’s 7 goals to prevent heart disease
healthy eating
stop smoking
manage blood pressure
lose weight
increase activity
control cholesterol
reduce blood sugars