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Term 1 > Normal Anatomy (Test 1) > Flashcards

Normal Anatomy (Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Superior: diaphragm
Inferior: pelvic floor
Posterior: back muscles and spine
Anterior: abdominal core muscles

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2
Q

2 Layers of Peritoneum

A

1) visceral- covers organs

2) parietal- lines cavity wall

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3
Q

Function of Peritoneum

A
  • protection

- secretes fluid, so the organs do not rub when moving

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4
Q

Intraperitoneal

A
  • within peritoneal cavity

- spleen, stomach, sm intestine (except duodenum), liver, gall bladder, ovaries

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal

A
  • behind or inferior to peritoneal cavity

- kidneys, ureters, prostate, rectum, pancreas, uterus, bladder, duodenum

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6
Q

Congenital means…

A

at birth

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7
Q

Size of Aorta

A
  • 2cm (prox)
  • 1.5cm (distal)
  • should not be more than 3cm
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8
Q

Shape of Aorta

A
  • tubular, highly pulsatile, cylindrical

- the proximal portion appears curvilinear

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9
Q

Echogenicity of Aorta (wall and lumen)

A

lumen-anechoic

walls-bright, echogenic

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10
Q

3 differences between veins and arteries are…

A

Veins:

1) carry blood that is low in oxygen from body to heart
2) larger
3) thinner walls
4) affected by respiratory compressibility

Arteries:

1) carry oxygen rich blood from heart to body
2) smaller
3) thicker walls
4) pulsatile

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11
Q

What level does the aorta bifurcate at?

A

L4

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12
Q

How does the aorta appear on US?

A
  • lumen is anechoic (black)
  • homogeneous (smooth)
  • walls are echogenic
  • parallel walls
  • tubular shape
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13
Q

3 Branches of Celiac Trunk

A
  • left gastric artery (smallest)
  • splenic artery (largest and most tortuous)
  • common hepatic artery
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14
Q

Which artery can we not usually see in US?

A

-left gastric

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15
Q

How does the SMA appear in US?

A
  • echogenic walls
  • runs parallel to aorta
  • 1cm below celiac trunk
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16
Q

Why do we scan the IVC?

A

-clots

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17
Q

Where do the Rt and Lt renal arteries originate from?

A
  • laterally from aorta
  • just inferior to SMA
  • Rt renal artery is longer than Lt renal artery
  • courses posteriorly to IVC
18
Q

What are 4 sonographic parameters?

A
  • size
  • contour
  • echotexture
  • echogenicity
19
Q

Echogenic

A

-bright

20
Q

Anechoic

A

-black

21
Q

Hypoechoic

A

-darker than the surrounding tissue

22
Q

Hyperechoic

A

-brighter than the surrounding tissue

23
Q

Isoechoic

A

-same as the surrounding tissue

24
Q

Homogeneous

A

-smooth

25
Q

Heterogenous/Inhomogenous

A

-not smooth

26
Q

Contour

A

-smooth or irregular border

27
Q

How is the IVC different from the aorta?

A
  • inner lumen is larger

- expands and contracts with respiration

28
Q

Gastroesophogeal (GE) Junction

A
  • donut/target appearance
  • anterior to aorta
  • superior to celiac trunk
  • seen in SAG PROX AO
29
Q

Diaphragmatic Crura (Crus)

A
  • linear muscular portions of diaphragm

- right crus is seen in SAG PROX AO, inferior to GE Junction and anterior to aorta

30
Q

Common Congenital Variations

A
  • 3 renal arteries
  • common hepatic artery can come off SMA
  • right hepatic artery can come off SMA
  • left hepatic artery originates from left gastric artery
  • transposition
31
Q

What is the location of the IVC?

A

-right of midline

32
Q

Where does the IVC bifurcate?

A

-approx L5

33
Q

What are the tributaries of the IVC

A
  • hepatic veins
  • renal veins
  • right gonadal vein (left gonadal vein comes off left renal vein)
  • common iliac veins
34
Q

What divides the liver into right and left halves?

A

-mid hepatic vein

35
Q

Appearance of IVC

A
  • 2.5cm
  • anechoic lumen
  • thin, echogenic walls
36
Q

Interface

A

-area between 2 organs/structures

37
Q

Specular Reflectors

A

-bright echoes

38
Q

What is another name of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

-peritoneal cavity

39
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • portion of the peritoneum that forms a closed sac
  • closed in males
  • open to fallopian tubes in females
  • separates intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs
40
Q

Sonographic Appearances of the Diaphragm

A
  • curvilinear
  • echogenic
  • hypoechoic
  • smooth
41
Q

3 Layers of Arteries and Veins

A
  • tunica intima (inner)
  • tunica media (mid)
  • tunica externa (outer)

Term 1 (17 decks)

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