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Term 1 > Medical Terminology (Test 2) > Flashcards

Medical Terminology (Test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviation

A
  • shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the word
  • may use the first letter of each word or shorten one word
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2
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

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3
Q

CBD

A

common bile duct

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4
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

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5
Q

DOB

A

date of birth

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6
Q

Abd

A

abdomen

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7
Q

Acronym

A

-name for an abbreviation that forms a pronuncable word

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8
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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9
Q

PACS

A

picture archival communication system

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10
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

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11
Q

Symbol

A

-a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function or process

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12
Q

Eponyms

A

-the person whom something (such as a disease) or anatomical region is named after

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13
Q

Alzheimers Disease

A

-named after German neurologist Alois Alzheimer

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14
Q

Morrison’s Pouch

A

-named after British surgeon James Morrison

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15
Q

Pouch of Douglas

A

-named after Scottish anatomist James Douglas

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16
Q

Cells

A
  • individual units found in all parts of the human body

- ex. blood cells

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17
Q

Tissues

A
  • similar cells grouped together to do a specific job

- ex. brain

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18
Q

Organs

A
  • structures composed of several kinds of tissue

- ex. liver

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19
Q

Systems

A
  • groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
  • ex. digestive system
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20
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • reference position
  • body erect with arms at sides
  • palms forward
  • this position is universally used in the medical profession for consistency
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21
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A
  • a term meaning that the Rt and Lt sides of the body are mirror images
  • balanced portions
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22
Q

Ipsilateral

A

-structures are on the same side of the body in anatomical position

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23
Q

Contralateral

A

-structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position

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24
Q

Quadrants

A

-4: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

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25
Q

Regions

A

-9: Rt hypochondriac, epigastric, Lt hypochondriac, Rt lumbar, umbilical, Rt lumbar, Rt iliac, hypogastric, Lt iliac

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26
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A
  • mediastium: contains heart
  • pleural cavity: contains lungs
  • pericardial cavity: contains heart
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27
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A
  • abdomen

- pelvis

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28
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

-diaphragm

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29
Q

Ventral Cavity

A
  • thoracic cavity

- abdominopelvic cavity

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30
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A
  • cranial cavity

- vertebral cavity

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31
Q

Directional Terms

A
  • superior
  • inferior
  • medial
  • lateral
  • anterior (ventral)
  • posterior (dorsal)
  • proximal
  • distal
  • superficial
  • deep
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32
Q

3 Major Planes

A
  • frontal (coronal)
  • sagittal
  • transverse (horizontal)
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33
Q

Supine

A

-lying on your back, facing upwards toward the ceiling

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34
Q

Prone

A

-lying on your front, facing the floor

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35
Q

Decubitus

A

-lying on your side

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36
Q

Eversion

A

-outward turning movement

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37
Q

Inversion

A

-inward turning movement

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38
Q

Flexion

A

-movement to minimize angle of joint

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39
Q

Extension

A

-movement to extend a joint

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40
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

-moves toe upwards

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41
Q

Plantarflexion

A

-moves toes downward

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42
Q

Pronation

A

-hand faces downwards or backwards

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43
Q

Supination

A

-hands face upward or outward

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44
Q

Abduction

A

-movement of a body part away from the median plane

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45
Q

Adduction

A

-movement of a body part toward the median plane

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46
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • a stable internal environment

- provides a narrow range of temperature, water, acidity and salt concentration

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47
Q

Disease

A

-when homeostasis is disrupted

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48
Q

Etiology

A

-study of the origin of disease

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49
Q

Diagnosis

A

-establishing the cause or nature of the disease

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50
Q

Prognosis

A

-predicting the course of disease and probable outcome

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51
Q

Idiopathic

A

-any disease where the cause is unknown

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52
Q

Signs

A
  • objective indicators that are physical manifestations of an illness
  • physician can observe or measure
  • can be felt, heard or seen
  • ex. temperature, blood pressure, pulse, sweating, etc.
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53
Q

Symptoms

A
  • subjective
  • experienced/percieved by the patient
  • patient can observe or feel and tell the physician
  • can be easily verified
  • ex. “doctor I have pain on my right lower side”
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54
Q

Fluorography

A

-photography of xray images from fluorescent screen

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55
Q

Mammography

A

-xray of the breasts

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56
Q

CT (computerized axial tomography)

A

-cross sectional xrays taken from different angles

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57
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

-uses magnetic fields and radio waves

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58
Q

Specialties in Sonography

A
  • generalist
  • vascular
  • cardiac
  • pediactric
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59
Q

Angiogram

A
  • involves an injection of dye to outline vessel lumens and organs in real time
  • xray images are taken to record vessel pattern
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60
Q

Contrast Materials

A
  • in many diagnostic procedures, contrast substance or “dye” is used to better define or delineate a structure
  • introduced into the bloodstream, GI tract, joint spaces or spinal canal
  • ex. barium for GI studies
  • agitated fluid/bubbles for contrast enhanced US (ex. cardiac tumor ablation)
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61
Q

Angiography

A

-xray imaging of blood vessels (veins or arteries)

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62
Q

Cerebral Angiography

A

-visualizes the blood vessels of the brain

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63
Q

Coronary Angiography

A

-visualizes the blood vessels of the heart

64
Q

Arteriography

A

-visualizes the peripheral arteries (leg/arm)

65
Q

Venography

A

-visualizes the veins to see blood clots

66
Q

Arthrography

A

-visualizes a joint (often the knee or shoulder)

67
Q

Barium Tests

A
  • barium sulfate mixtures
  • visualizes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
  • swallowed for the upper GI tract and small bowel
  • introduced through the rectum for the large bowel
  • primarily used to r/o lesions, ulcers and filling defects
68
Q

Chest X-Ray

A
  • ionizing radiation used to visualize the lungs, heart and mediastinal structures
  • used to detect: lung tumors, infections (pneumonia), fluid accumulation (pleural effusions), disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and heart enlargement
69
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

70
Q

CT (Computerized Tomography)

A
  • uses a series of xray images to show organs in cross section
  • sometimes used in conjunction with contrast material
  • visualizes structures within the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis
  • tumors, vascular abnormalities and injuries can be assessed
71
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A
  • ultrasound used to measure blood flow within a vessel: pulsed or continuous wave doppler and colour doppler
  • uses duplex sonography (grey scale and doppler) to visualize vessels and measure blood flow within them
  • measures the reflected movements of red blood cells
  • blockages (stenosis) in arteries and blood clots (thrombus) in veins are the most common reasons for doppler exams
72
Q

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A

A powerful magnetic field and radio waves used to create whole body or focused body image (ex. head, chest, abdomen, etc.)

  • water molecules are aligned and then relaxed, generating electromagnetic currents
  • they provide a detailed picture of organs and blood vessels
  • tumors and other abnormalities can be imaged
73
Q

Mammography

A
  • imaging of the breast tissue using low dose xray
  • it can image tumors such as cancer, benign lesions and cysts
  • US guidance used to biopsy a suspicious lesion in real time
74
Q

Urography

A
  • xray recording of the kidney and urinary tract
  • contrast material is injected intravenously
  • xrays are taken at the same time
  • can outline blockages caused by a tumor or stone
  • demonstrate deficiency of flow (renal filling) due to poor function
75
Q

Amniocentesis

A
  • procedure to remove some amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus in the pregnancy sac
  • the fluid contains cells from the fetus that can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities
  • usually done under US guidance
76
Q

Biopsy

A
  • removal of a piece of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope
  • the cells identify the type of tissue (normal vs abnormal) in the sample
  • core biopsy: a surgical knife and needle to aspirate the tissue
  • can be done under US guidance
77
Q

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A
  • a physician inserts a gloves finger (digit) into the patient’s rectum
  • can detect abnormalities in the shape and texture of the gland which may be due to rectal or prostate cancer
  • stool on the glove is tested for occult blood (sign of possible disease)
  • done by the reporting physician, prior to transrectal US
78
Q

Thoracentesis

A
  • insertion of a needle into the chest to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural cavity)
  • usually done under US guidance
  • fluid can be drained and analyzed
  • can be used as a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
79
Q

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

A
  • common blood tests used to assess for liver disease
  • Alk Phos (alkaline phosphatase)
  • Bilirubin (derived from breakdown of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying blood cells)
  • ALT (alanine transaminase)
  • SGOT (aka AST)
  • patients sent for US to r/o possible: excessive fat in liver (steatosis), blockages in bile flow (biliary obstruction and/or dilation), infections (hepatitis), tumors (hepatoma)
80
Q

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

A
  • measurement of the amount of urea in the blood
  • kidney function test
  • abnormal levels are an indication for renal US to r/o renal disease
81
Q

Creatine

A
  • kidney function test
  • abnormal levels are an indication for a renal US to r/o renal disease
  • measure nitrogen waste material in blood
82
Q

eGFR

A
  • estimated glomerural filtration rate
  • common blood tests used to assess renal function
  • abnormal levels are an indication for a renal US to r/o renal disease
83
Q

Hematocrit

A
  • measurement of the percentage of RBC in the blood
  • a low hematocrit indicates anemia or internal bleeding
  • a high hematocrit indicates a condition called polycythemia
84
Q

PSA (prostatic-specific antigen)

A

A blood test that measures the amount of PSA (a protein) that is produced by the cells of the prostate gland and is present in the blood.

Elevated levels:

  • can be an indication of prostatic cancer
  • can indicate an inflamed prostate (prostatitis)
  • can also be due to an enlarged prostate known as a benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
85
Q

Pregnancy Tests

A
  • hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone produced in the body during pregnancy
  • home pregnancy tests detect this hormone in the patient’s urine giving a qualitative result (+ve or -ve)
  • Beta hCG (B-hCG): measures the hormone level in the blood stream and indicates how pregnant you are (5 weeks versus 10 weeks), the possibility of multiplicity (twins) and ectopic pregnancy
86
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

87
Q

ALT

A

alanine transaminase

88
Q

AST

A

aspirate transaminase

89
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

90
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

91
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

92
Q

CA

A

cancer

93
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

94
Q

cc

A

cubic centimetre (ml)

95
Q

c/o

A

complains of

96
Q

C

A

section

97
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

98
Q

CX/CXR

A

chest xray

99
Q

Cx

A

cervix

100
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

101
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

102
Q

f/u

A

follow up

103
Q

FHR

A

fetal heart rate

104
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

105
Q

GFR

A

glomeral filtration rate

106
Q

hCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

107
Q

h/o

A

history of

108
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

109
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease (crohn disease, ulcerative colitis)

110
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

111
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

112
Q

PE

A

physical examination

113
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific antigen

114
Q

pt

A

patient

115
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

116
Q

r/o

A

rule out

117
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

118
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

119
Q

STAT

A

immediately

120
Q

STD/STI

A

sexually transmitted disease/infection

121
Q

T3, T4

A

parathyroid hormones

122
Q

TAH

A

total abdominal hysterectomy

123
Q

BSO

A

bilateral saplingo-oophorectomy

124
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

125
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of prostate gland

126
Q

Tx

A

treatment

127
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

128
Q

wt

A

weight

129
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

130
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

131
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

132
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

133
Q

D and C

A

dilation and curettage

134
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

135
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

136
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

137
Q

Dx

A

medical definition

138
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

139
Q

ETOH

A

ethyl alcohol or ethanol

140
Q

Fe

A

iron

141
Q

GI tract

A

gastrointestinal tract

142
Q

Hb

A

hemoglobin

143
Q

HDL/LDL

A

high density lipoproteins/low density lipoproteins

144
Q

IV

A

intravenous

145
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder

146
Q

LFTs

A

liver function tests

147
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

148
Q

mets

A

metabolic equivalents

149
Q

N+V

A

nausea and vomiting

150
Q

NAD

A

nothing abnormal detected

151
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

152
Q

PACS

A

picture archiving and communication system

153
Q

post-op

A

after a surgical procedure

154
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

155
Q

wbc

A

white blood cell

Term 1 (17 decks)

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