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Term 1 > Cross Sectional Anatomy (Extremities) > Flashcards

Cross Sectional Anatomy (Extremities) Flashcards

1
Q

Osseous Components of the Shoulder

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • humeral head
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2
Q

Osseous Components of the Arm/Brachium

A

-humerus

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3
Q

Osseous Components of the Elbow

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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4
Q

Osseous Components of the Forearm

A
  • radius

- ulna

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5
Q

Osseous Components of the Hand

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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6
Q

Muscles of the Trunk to Scapula

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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7
Q

Muscle of the Trunk to Humerus

A
  • pectoralis major

- latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

Muscles of Scapula to Humerus

A
  • deltoid
  • supraspinatous
  • subscapularis
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • teres major
  • coracobrachialis
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9
Q

Muscles of Rotator Cuff

A

(SITS)

  • supraspinatous
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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10
Q

Fascial Compartments of Extremities

A

-in TRV, segments of limbs are divided into multiple sections

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11
Q

How are the fascial compartments of extremities formed?

A
  • by tough connective tissue septums
  • also attach to the bone
  • wrap around different muscle groups to keep in place
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12
Q

What does each fascial compartments of extremities have?

A
  • nerve supply

- blood supply

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13
Q

Do muscles grouped together usually perform the same function?

A

Yes.

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14
Q

What are compartments surrounded by peripherally?

A
  • deep fascia

- skin

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15
Q

What divides the compartments of the brachium?

A

-humerus

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16
Q

What are the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium separated by?

A

-intermuscular septum/fascia

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17
Q

Anterior Flexors of Brachium

A
  • biceps brachii (3 heads)
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis (superior)
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18
Q

Posterior Extenders of Brachium

A

Triceps (3 heads):

  • medial head
  • lateral head
  • long head
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19
Q

Where is the intertubercular (bicipital) groove?

A

-on head of humerus

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20
Q

What is located in the intertubercular (bicipital) groove?

A

-long head of biceps brachii muscle

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21
Q

What is an area of the arm that is often affected by tears/inflammation in elderly and people who play sports?

A

-intertubercular (bicipital) groove

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22
Q

Where is the corabobrachialis?

A

-only on the superior aspect of the humerus

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23
Q

What is the antecubital fossa?

A

-triangular area on anterior side of elbow joint

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24
Q

What does the antecubital fossa contain?

A

-vessels and nerves from arm to forearm

  • median nerve
  • brachial artery
  • brachial vein
  • tendon of biceps brachii
  • radial nerve
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25
Q

What is frequently measured at the antecubital fossa?

A

-BP

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26
Q

What veins are frequently used for venipuncture?

A
  • median cephalic and basilic veins

- in antecubital fossa

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27
Q

Osseous Components of the Forearm

A
  • olecranon
  • radial head
  • radial tuberosity
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28
Q

Olecranon

A
  • point of elbow

- funny bone

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29
Q

What allows the wrist to supinate/pronate?

A

-radial head

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30
Q

What is the attachment of the biceps tendon?

A

-radial tuberosity

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31
Q

What separated the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?

A
  • radius/ulna
  • intermuscular membrane
  • interosseous membrane
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32
Q

What do the compartments of the forearm act on?

A

-hand, wrist, fingers

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33
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

A

-flexor and pronator muscles

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34
Q

Posterior Compartment of the Forearm

A

-extensor and supination muscles

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35
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A
  • groove or tunnel bound with ligaments
  • filled with flexor tendons and median nerve
  • compression may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome
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36
Q

Veins of the Arm

A
  • brachiocephalic vein
  • subclavian vein
  • cephalic vein
  • axillary vein
  • brachial veins
  • basilic veins
  • ulnar vein
  • radial vein
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37
Q

Which compartment is the biceps brachii muscle in?

A

-anterior

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38
Q

Which compartment is the triceps brachii in?

A

-posterior

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39
Q

Basilic Vein

A

-superficial vein on medial aspect of arm

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40
Q

Cephalic Vein

A

-superficial vein on lateral aspect of arm

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41
Q

What connects the radius (lateral) to the ulna (medial)?

A

-interosseous membrane

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42
Q

Where is the median nerve located?

A

-within carpal tunnel

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43
Q

Are flexors anterior or posterior?

A

-anterior

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44
Q

Are extensors anterior or posterior?

A

-posterior

45
Q

Where is the supraspinatus muscle?

A

-above scapular spine

46
Q

Where is the infraspinatus muscle?

A

-below scapular spine

47
Q

Where is the subscapularis muscle?

A

-on body of scapula

48
Q

Where is the long head of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

-bicipital groove

49
Q

Osseous Components of the Thigh

A

1) femur
- greater/lesser trochanters
- medial/later condyles and epicondyles

2) patella

50
Q

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region?

A

-iliac crest

51
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region?

A
  • lower margin of gluteus Maximus muscle

- marked by a crease below gluteal fold

52
Q

What is the gluteal region continuous with superiorly?

A

-lower trunk

53
Q

What is the gluteal region continuous with inferiorly?

A

-posterior surface of thigh

54
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  • largest
  • most superficial
  • powerful extensor of the thigh
55
Q

Muscles of Gluteal Region

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • obturator externus
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
  • gemellus superior and inferior
  • quadratus femoris
56
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

1) sartorius
2) quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius (deep to RF)
- vastus medialis

57
Q

What do the muscles int he anterior compartment of the thigh do?

A
  • extends leg

- flexes thigh

58
Q

What is the tendon that is common for all 4 quadriceps femoris muscles continuous with, and where does it insert?

A
  • continuous with patellar ligament

- inserts on the tibial tuberosity

59
Q

Medial Compartment of the Thigh

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
60
Q

What does the medial compartment of the thigh do?

A

-adducts the thigh

61
Q

Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Hamstring Muscles:

  • biceps femoris (most lateral)
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus (wider, flatter and deeper than semitendinosus)
62
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the thigh do?

A

-flexes leg at the knee

63
Q

Where is the femoral triangle?

A

-upper, medial part of anterior muscle compartment

64
Q

What is the superior margin (base) of the femoral triangle formed by?

A

-ingunial ligament

65
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

-lateral border of adducts longs

66
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

-medial border of sartorius

67
Q

What is the adductor canal also known as?

A
  • Hunter’s Canal

- subsartorial canal

68
Q

What does the adductor canal link?

A

-apex of femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa

69
Q

Adductor Canal

A
  • narrow conical tunnel
  • on medial aspect of thigh
  • passage for femoral artery and vein as they descend into popliteal fossa
70
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A
  • diamond shapes
  • fat filled
  • behind knee
71
Q

Where do the vessels from the thigh pass through to become the popliteal artery and vein?

A

-popliteal fossa

72
Q

What is the upper margin of the political fossa?

A
  • tendons

- hamstrings

73
Q

What is the inferior margin of the popliteal fossa?

A

-2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

74
Q

Knee Joint Ligaments

A
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • medial collateral ligament (MCL)
  • lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
75
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A

-posterior aspect of lateral condyle of the femur superiorly to anteromedial portion of intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly

76
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A

-posterolateral aspect of medial condyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly

77
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

A

-medial epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly

78
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

A

-lateral epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the fibular head inferiorly

79
Q

Tendons

A

-muscle to bone

80
Q

Ligaments

A

-bone to bone

81
Q

Quadriceps Tendon

A

-from quadriceps muscles to patella

82
Q

Patellar Ligament

A

-from patella to tibial tuberosity

83
Q

Meniscus

A
  • C shapes cartilaginous discs in between the fetus and tibia
  • support joint (shock absorber)
  • help with balance
84
Q

What do muscles and tendons help the knee with?

A
  • support

- movement

85
Q

If muscles and tendons are weakened, what happens to the joint?

A

-also weakened

86
Q

Muscles of Knee Joint

A
  • quadriceps femoris
  • hamstrings
  • sartorius
  • gracillis
  • gastrocnemius
87
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Lower Leg

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • peroneous teritus
88
Q

What does the tibialis anterior move?

A

-dorsiflex foot

89
Q

What does the extensors hallucis longus move?

A

-extends great toe

90
Q

What does the extensor digitorum longus move?

A

-extends lateral 4 toes

91
Q

What does the peroneous teritus move?

A

-dorsiflex foot

92
Q

Lateral Compartment of the Lower Leg

A
  • fibularis longus (superior)

- fibularis brevis (inferior)

93
Q

What does the lateral compartment of the lower leg do?

A

-evert and plantar flex the foot

94
Q

Posterior Compartment of Lower Leg (superficial layer)

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
95
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the lower leg (superficial layer) move?

A

-planar flex the foot
-flex the knee
(gastrocnemius only)

96
Q

Posterior Compartment of the Lower Leg (deep layer)

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorium longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • popliteus
97
Q

What does the tibialis posterior move?

A

-plantar flex/invert foot

98
Q

What does the flexor digitorum longus move?

A

-flex lateral 4 toes

99
Q

What does the flexor hallucinations longus move?

A

-flex great toes

100
Q

What does the popliteus move?

A

-medial rotate leg

101
Q

Femoral Artery

A
  • main artery of lower extremity
  • extends lateral to the femoral vein through the femoral triangle to Hunter’s Canal
  • becomes popliteal artery
102
Q

Popliteal Artery

A
  • palpable in popliteal fossa

- bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

103
Q

Peroneal Artery

A

-branch of posterior tibial artery

104
Q

Arterial Components of Lower Extremities

A
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • peroneal artery
105
Q

Venous Components of the Lower Extremities

A
  • anterior and posterior tibial veins
  • greater saphenous vein
  • lesser saphenous vein
  • femoral vein
106
Q

Greater Saphenous Vein

A
  • superficial
  • begina at dorsal of foot
  • empties into femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction
  • longest vein in the body
107
Q

Lesser Saphenous Vein

A

-continuous with femoral vein

108
Q

Femoral Vein

A

-accompanies the femoral artery throughout the thigh

Term 1 (17 decks)

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