neurodegeneration

Question 1

who are affected by Parkinson’s disease

Answer 1

1-2% of over 60s

Question 2

2 causes of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 2

unknown (age), mutations in genes increasing early onset (minority)

Question 3

3 general symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 3

motor, ANS effects, neuropschiatric

Question 4

4 cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (due to degeneration of nigrostriatal tract, responsible for fine-tuning movements)

Answer 4

resting tremor (early onset), bradykinesia, rigidity (late onset), postural instability

Question 5

3 ANS effects in Parkinson’s disease (used to provide clues to early Parkinson’s disease)

Answer 5

olfactory deficits, orthostatic hypotension, constipation

Question 6

describe neuropsychiatric effects in Parkinson’s disease (used to provide clues to early Parkinson’s disease)

Answer 6

sleep disorders, memory deficits, depression, irritability

Question 7

describe Braak staging of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 7

early stages affect frontal part of brain (ANS, neuropsychiatric) so used for early diagnosis -> later stages affecting motor symptoms