general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic Flashcards
receptors: classify the cholinoceptors/adrenoceptors located in the ANS and state (a) where each type is found and (b) the signaling systems they each employ
2 types of membrane bound acetylcholine receptors
muscarinic, nicotinic
location of nicotinic receptors
all autonomic ganglia in nervous system (between pre and post ganglion); if blockaded at rest, constipation and (if at rest), increased heart rate - if during exercise, heart rate increases but less effect
stimulation of nicotinic receptors
nicotine or acetylcholine
what type of channel is nicotinic receptor
type 1 (ionotropic): ion-channel linked receptor (fastest mode of transmission)
location of muscarinic receptors
all effector organs innovated by post ganglionic PSNS fibres and in post ganglionic SNS for sweat glands
stimulation of muscarinic receptors
muscarine or acetylcholine
what type is muscarinic receptor
type 2: G-protein coupled (slightly slower)
5 sub types of muscarinic cholinoreceptors (M1, 2 and 3 are most important)
M1 (neural; forebrain - learning and memory), M2 (cardiac; brain - inhibitory autoreceptors), M3 (exocrine and smooth muscle e.g. lungs; hypothalamus - food intake); [M4 (periphery; prejunctional nerve endings - inhibitory for dopamine in Parkinson’s), M5 (striatal dopamine release)]
location of adrenoceptors
all effector organs innervated by post ganglionic SNS fibres (except sweat glands)
stimulation of adrenoceptors
noradrenaline or adrenaline
what is type 2 adrenoceptor
G-protein coupled
sub types of adrenoceptors
a1, a2, B1, B2
in pharmacology, what are receptors classified as
drug targets
3 pharmacology questions for drugs (e.g. acetylcholine for stomach)
what is the drug target (normally muscarinic or adrenoceptor as localised at tissue), where is the drug target (gastric smooth muscle, parietal cell, endocrine cell), what is end result of interaction (contraction or increased secretion)
