analgesia and anaesthesia

Question 1

endogenous opioid peptides which act on opioid receptors

Answer 1

endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins/neoendorphins

Question 2

endorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 2

mu (u) or delta (d)

Question 3

location of mu (u) endorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 3

cerebellum, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens (euphoria), PAG (pain)

Question 4

effect of mu (u) endorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 4

pain/sensorimotor

Question 5

enkephalin type of opiate receptor

Answer 5

delta (d)

Question 6

location of delta (d) enkephalin type of opiate receptor

Answer 6

nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, putamen

Question 7

effect of delta (d) enkephalin type of opiate receptor

Answer 7

motor/cognitive function

Question 8

dynorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 8

kappa (k)

Question 9

location of kappa (k) dynorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 9

hypothalamus, putamen, caudate

Question 10

effect of kappa (k) dynorphin type of opiate receptor

Answer 10

neuroendocrine

Question 11

cellular mechanism of action of opiate receptors to have depressant properties

Answer 11

hyperpolarisation (increase K+ efflux) -> decrease Ca2+ influx and inward current (reduce neurotransmitter release) -> decrease adenylate cyclase activity (general cellular activity)