anti-microbials

Question 1

structure of virus

Answer 1

envelope proteins, lipid envelope, capsid (protein shell surrounding genetic material of virus), genetic material (DNA and RNA)

Question 2

what cells does viral hepatitis target

Answer 2

liver hepatocytes

Question 3

genetic material of viral hepatitis

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

3 stages of HIV life cycle

Answer 4

attachment and entry -> replication and integration -> assembly and release

Question 5

describe what happens during attachment and entry stage of HIV life cycle

Answer 5

viral membrane proteins (GP120) interact with leukocyte membrane receptors (CD4 and macrophage CCR5 or CXCR4) -> GP41 penetrates host cell membrane and viral capsid endocytosis

Question 6

describe what happens during replication and integration stage of HIV life cycle

Answer 6

within cytoplasm, reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA -> DNA transported into nucleus and integrated into host DNA by viral integrase (impossible to remove so not curable disease after this stage, but can prevent replication and progression if on anti-viral drugs)

Question 7

describe what happens during assembly and release stage of HIV life cycle

Answer 7

host cell machinery utilised to produce viral RNA and essential proteins (Gag precursor cleaved by HIV protease) -> virus assembled within cell -> mature virion released

Question 8

describe virology of Herpes simplex virus

Answer 8

double-stranded DNA surrounded by tegument and enclosed in lipid bilayer

Question 9

describe tropism of HSV-1

Answer 9

cold-sores

Question 10

describe tropism of HSV-2

Answer 10

genital herpes

Question 11

describe virology of influenza

Answer 11

multipartite single-stranded RNA virus with envelope protein neuraminidase (release)

Question 12

tropism of infleunza

Answer 12

nose, throat and bronchi