general autonomic nervous system pharmacology topic

Question 1

parasympathetic innovation origin

Answer 1

cranial, sacral

Question 2

sympathetic innovation origin

Answer 2

thoracic, lumbar

Question 3

parasympathetic [long] pre and [short] post ganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 3

acetylcholine

Question 4

sympathetic [short] pre ganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 4

acetylcholine

Question 5

normal sympathetic [long] post ganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 5

noradrenaline

Question 6

what is released into bloodstream by sympathetic stimulation of adrenal medulla (only innovated by one fibre)

Answer 6

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 7

when is acetylcholine used as a sympathetic post ganglionic neurotransmitter

Answer 7

sweat glands (secretion)

Question 8

features of PSNS, pre vs post fibres

Answer 8

discrete, localised, little divergence, 1:1 pre vs post ganglionic

Question 9

features of SNS, pre vs post fibres

Answer 9

coordinated response, so very divergent with up to 1:20 pre vs post ganglionic

Question 10

sensory neurone in enteric nervous system

Answer 10

connected to mucosal chemoreceptors and stretch receptors; information relayed by submucosal and myenteric plexus via interneurones

Question 11

motor neurones in enteric nervous system

Answer 11

release acetylcholine or substance P to contract smooth muscle or vasoactive intestinal peptide or NO to relax smooth muscle

Question 12

somatic nervous system feature and neurotransmitter

Answer 12

one long ganglion from spinal cord to effector organ; acetylcholine