Neuroanatomy - Wet Room (Week 2)

Question 1

What are the parts of the corpus callosum?

Answer 1

4 parts- rostrum, genu, body, splenium (posteriorly)

Question 2

What is the septum pellucidum?

Answer 2

Separates anterior horns of the two lateral ventricles

Question 3

What is the fornix?

Answer 3

Bundle of fibres- links the hippocampus and mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus

It extends to interventricular foramen

Question 4

Where is the caudate nucleus located?

Answer 4

Basal nuclei- bulge on lateral wall of lateral ventricles

Question 5

What is the thalamus and where is it located?

Answer 5

A sensory relay area made up of gray matter nuclei

Lateral to 3rd ventricle

Question 6

What are some functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Hormone release

Steroids response

Control of food intake

Sexual orientation

Fear processing

Hormonal and behavioural stimulation (circadian rhythms)

Question 7

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 7

Posterior to thalamus

Superior to colliculi

Question 8

What is the basal nuclei?

Answer 8

Cell bodies of grey matter within the white matter of the brain

Question 9

What are the basal nuclei structures?

Answer 9

1. caudate nucelus
2. thalamus
3. lentiform nucleus ( globus pallidus + putamen)

[substantia nigra in the midbrain]

Question 10

What is the corpus striatum?

Answer 10

caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Because these structures are connected to each other by striae (fibres= corona radiata)

Question 11

look at transverese section of brain for:

basal nuclei, internal capsule, ventricles

Answer 11

Question 12

What parts of the internal capsule are there? What is the blood supply?

Answer 12

Anterior limb

Genu

Posterior limb

• supplied by middle cerebral artery

Question 13

What is the internal capsule made of?

Answer 13

Association fibres

Myelinated axons- white matter

Question 14

Identify parts of the midbrain on a section

Answer 14

Question 15

What type of fibres do the cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) consist of?

Answer 15

Projection fibres

Question 16

What are the 3 coronal sections of the brain?

Answer 16

1. anterior= anterior to optic chiasma
2. middle section= posterior to optic chiasma
3. posterior section= from splenium of corpus callosum

Question 17

What features can be used to identify different vertebra of the spine histologically?

consider shape + size of regions

Answer 17

Cervical: white matter > grey + longest + slender hrons

Thoracic: W > G

Lumbar: W > G

Sacral: W < G

Question 18

Why does the size of the ventral grey horn change?

Answer 18

Becuase it refelcts the amount of [skeletal] muscle at each level

therefore bigger ventral grey horn= more innervation

Ventral grey horn of: lumbar vertebra > cervical

because lumbar spinal levels innervate limbs

Question 19

Learn

Answer 19

To help identify:

A lateral horn of gray matter is present in thoracolumbar segments (require more motor innervation)

White matter is relatively more abundant cranially than caudally in the spinal cord

Sacral vertebra: grey matter is greater caudally because roots spread out to join cauda equina