Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy - Year Two > Abdominal Anatomy - Wet Room (Week 2) > Flashcards

Abdominal Anatomy - Wet Room (Week 2) Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral level does the oesophageal hiatus occur/

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What four structures traverse the oesophageal opening?

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerve
Left inferior phrenic vessels
Oesophageal arteries (from gastric vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is oesophagus’ lymph drained?

A

Upper 1/3 - deep cervical nodes
Middle 1/3 - superior and inferior mediastinal nodes
Lower 1/3 - celiac lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

A

Cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater and lesser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

A

Anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Controlling gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The pyloric sphincter is formed from thickening of what layer of the gut tube?

A

Muscularis externa - circular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In which portions of the stomach are they most apparent?

A

Pyloric and fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which sphincter controls discharge of food from the stomach into the duodenum?

A

Pyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The stomach lies on several structures in the abdominal cavity called the stomach bed; they are what?

A
  1. Left dome of the diaphragm
  2. Pancreas
  3. Spleen
  4. Left kidney
  5. Left adrenal gland
  6. Colon
  7. Mesocolon (mesentery of the colon)
  8. Splenic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The stomach is drained by what four groups of lymph nodes?

A
  1. Superior gastric
  2. Supra-pyloric
  3. Inferior gastric sub-pyloric
  4. Pancreaticolienal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All four primary lymph node groups of the stomach eventually drain into where?

A

Cisterna chill through the celiac nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pyloris and gastric secretion?

A

Pyloris - increased emptying (relaxing)

Gastric secretion - Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the foregut/midgut boundary in the small intestine?

A

Ampulla of Vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are the different parts of the small intestine peritonised?

A

Duodenum - First part peritonised and the rest is retroperitoneal
Jejunum - Intraperitoneal
Ileum - Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which part of the small intestine is shortest, widest and most fixed?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In which part of the small intestine (jejunum or ileum) do the arterial arcades have many loops?

A

Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which part of the autonomic system stimulates reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as vasoconstrictor?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by what two macroscopic and two microscopic features?

A

Microscopic - Villi are absent in large intestine, no Peyer’s patches in large intestine

Macroscopic - haustra present in large intestine, circular folds in large intestine

24
Q

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix?

A

Right iliac

25
Q

What two structures open into the caecum?

A

Vermiform appendix and small intestine

26
Q

Locate McBurney’s point and its clinical relevance

A

1/3 of the way from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus.

Sign of most tenderness in acute appendicitis

27
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the rectum

A

Superior 1/3 - superior rectal artery
Middle 1/3 Superior rectal artery
Inferior 1/3 - middle rectal artery

28
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the rectum

A

Superior 1/3 - superior rectal vein
Middle 1/3 - superior rectal vein
Inferior 1/3 - middle rectal vein

29
Q

Describe the peritonisation of the rectum

A

Superior 1/3 - intraperitoneal
Middle 1/3 - retroperitoneal
Inferior 1/3 - retroperitoneal

30
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

Forms the urinary and anal sphincters

31
Q

What nodes drain the anal canal?

A

Deep - Internal iliac lymph nodes

Superficial - superficial inguinal lymph nodes

32
Q

Describe the innervation of the anal canal

A

Deep 2/3 - Visceral motor and sensory innervation

Superficial 1/3 - Somatic motor and sensory innervation

33
Q

Why is the superficial 1/3 of the anal canal under somatic innervation?

A

Give voluntary control of the external anal sphincter

34
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the stomach

A

Arterial supply - Branches of coeliac trunk

Venous drainage - portal system

Lymphatics - 4 groupd into cisterns chyli

35
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the first part of the duodenum

A

Arterial supply - branches of the coeliac trunk (gastroduodenal artery)

Venous drainage - portal system

Lymphatics - celiac nodes

36
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the second part of the duodenum

A

Arterial supply - SMA (pancreaticoduodenal artery)

Venous drainage - Superior mesenteric vein

Lymphatics - Celiac nodes

37
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the jejunum

A

Arterial supply - Jejunal arteries of SMA

Venous drainage - Superior Mesenteric Vein

Lymphatics - Superior mesenteric group

38
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the ileum

A

Arterial supply - Ileal arteries of SMA

Venous drainage - Superior Mesenteric vein

Lymphatics - Superior mesenteric group

39
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the caecum and ascending colon

A

Arterial supply - Right colic artery of SMA

Venous drainage - Right colic vein to SMV

Lymphatics - Superior mesenteric group

40
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the right 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Arterial supply - Middle colic artery of SMA

Venous drainage - Middle colic vein to SMV

Lymphatics - Superior mesenteric group

41
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the left 1/3 of the transverse colon and descending colon

A

Arterial supply - Left colic artery of IMA

Venous drainage - Left colic veins to IMV

Lymphatics - Inferior mesenteric group

42
Q

Describe the arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to the sigmoid colon

A

Arterial supply - sigmoid arteries from IMA

Venous drainage - sigmoid veins to IMV

Lymphatics - Inferior mesenteric group

43
Q

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are parts of which omentum?

A

Lesser omentum

44
Q

What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border?

A

Ligament that separates the left and right lobes of the liver; in its free boarders are the ligamentum teres (round ligament) and paraumbilical veins

45
Q

What is the embryological origin of the ligamentum teres of the liver?

A

The foetal umbilical vein

46
Q

How many layers of the peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?

A

4

47
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Spaces between the colon and abdominal wall (laterally and posteriorly)

48
Q

What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

A

Fluid leaking from viscera collects there

49
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis externa?

A

Smooth

50
Q

What secretory cells are present in the gastric pits?

A 
Parietal cells (H+ and intrinsic factor)
ECL cell (histamine) 
G cells (gastrin) 
D cells (somatostatin) 
Chief cells (zymogens- pepsinogen)
51
Q

Where, along the gut tube, do glands extend down beyond the muslcularis externa and into the submucosa??

A

Duodenum

52
Q

What appear to be spaces can be seen scattered between the cells of the surface epithelium of the large intestine are actually the contents of secretory cells; what are they?

A

Crypt cells (secreting water and Cl-)

53
Q

What type of cells are present on the surface epithelium of the large intestine?

A

Enterocytes, goblet cells

54
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Upper transverse plane halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis

55
Q

How so you locate the transpyloric plane?

A

Hand breadth beneath the xiphoid process

Anatomy - Year Two (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions