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Anatomy - Year Two > Abdominal Anatomy - Wet Room (Week 1) > Flashcards

Abdominal Anatomy - Wet Room (Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What two imaginary lines are used to divide the abdomen into quadrants?

A
  1. Transumbilical

2. Midsaggital

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2
Q

Outline the lines used to divide the abdomen into its nine regions

A

Mid-clavicular lines
Transtubercular line
Subcostal line

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3
Q

Name the 9 regions of the abdomen

A

Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric
Right and left lumbar, umbilical
Right and left iliac/inguinal, hypogastric/suprapubic

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4
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the right hypochondriac region

A

Liver, right kidney, ascending colon

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5
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the epigastric region

A

Transverse colon, stomach and pancreas

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6
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the left hypochondriac region

A

Descending colon, spleen, kidney

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7
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the right lumbar region

A

Ascending colon

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8
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the umbilical regions

A

Jejunum, descending aorta

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9
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the left lumbar region

A

Descending colon

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10
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the right iliac region

A

Caecum, asending colon, vermiform appendix

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11
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the hypogastrium

A

Bladder, ovaries, uterus

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12
Q

Note organs/structures that are present in the left iliac region

A

Descending colon, sigmoid colon

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13
Q

The antero-lateral abdominal wall is constituted of how may flat muscles and how many vertical muscles?

A

Three flat and one vertical

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14
Q

Name the muscles of the antero-lateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis (vertical)

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15
Q

What are the actions of the external oblique?

A
  • Compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

- Flexes and rotates the trunk

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16
Q

What are the action of the internal oblique?

A
  • Compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

- Flexes and rotates the trunk

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17
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

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18
Q

Describe the innervations of the external oblique

A

Anterior rami of T7-11 and subcostal nerve (T12)

Same as rectus abdominis

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19
Q

Describe the innervation of the internal oblique

A

Anterior rai of T7-11
Subcostal nerve (T12)
First lumbar nerve

Same as TA

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20
Q

Describe the innervation of the transversus abdominis

A

Anterior rai of T7-11
Subcostal nerve (T12)
First lumbar nerve

Same as IO

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21
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexes the trunk
Compresses the abdominal viscera
Antilordosis (prevents you bending too far backwards)

22
Q

Describe the innervation of the rectus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of T7-11 and subcostal nerve (T12)

Same as external oblique

23
Q

Describe the orientation of the muscles of the antero-lateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique - run inferomedially (V down to groin)
Internal Oblique - run superomedially (V up to sternum)
Transversus Abdominis - Transverse duh
Rectus Abdominis - straight (6 pack)

24
Q

List the muscles of the antero-lateral abdominal wall from most deep to most superficial

A

Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
External oblique

25
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

26
Q

Describe the relationship between the rectus abdominis and the rectus sheath above and below the umbilicus

A

Superior - the rectus abdominis sits within the rectus sheath

Inferior - the rectus abdominis sits deep to the rectus sheath

27
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

Flat ligament

28
Q

At what vertebral level is the umbilicus on the abdominal wall?

A

L3

29
Q

Why is the umbilicus not a good land mark?

A

It can vary in people from L3-L5

30
Q

How is the inguinal canal formed?

A

During gonad relocation in foetal development

31
Q

The inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Pubic tubercle

32
Q

The inguinal canal has two walls, a floor and a roof.

Name them

A

Anterior wall - external oblique aponeurosis
Posterior wall - transversalis fascia
Floor - inguinal ligament
Roof - Musculo-aponeurotic arches of the internal oblique

33
Q

What tissue lies deep to all the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Transversalis fascia

34
Q

The inguinal ring has two apertures, what are they?

A

Deep ring superiorly

Superficial ring inferiorly

35
Q

What is the relationship between the deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

The deep inguinal rings is just inferior and lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

36
Q

Where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

Superioanteriorly and laterally

37
Q

What artery does the superior epigastric artery arise from?

A

Internal thoracic

38
Q

What artery does the inferior epigastric vessel arise from?

A

External iliac artery

39
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in males?

A

Spermatic cord
Blood and lymph vessels
Ilio-Inguinal nerve

40
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females?

A

Round ligament of the uterus
Blood and lymph vessels
Ilio-inguinal nerve

41
Q

What is the most common type of hernia?

A

Inguinal

42
Q

Outline the different types of inguinal hernia

A

Direct - 1//3 of inguinal hernias, arise from weakness in posterior wall of canal - abdominal contents may pass into the inguinal canal

Indirect - most common, resulting from congenital weakness in deep inguinal ring - abdominal contents may pass through the inguinal canal

43
Q

Where do femoral hernias occur?

A

Below the inguinal ligament

44
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Abdominal contents pass into a weak area at the posterior wall of the femoral canal

45
Q

What gender are femoral hernias more common in?

A

Females

46
Q

What is the complication of femoral hernias?

A

Strangulation of the herniated fascia

47
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

Where a weakness at the umbilicus allows passage of abdominal contents. In adults it is acquired, can be congenital if present at birth

48
Q

The entire GI tract shares certain common histological features. They all show distinct functional layers. What are they?

A
  1. Mucosa - made up of epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa/Adventitia
49
Q

What layers of the muscularis externa are there?

A

Deep - circular muscle

Superficial - longitudinal muscle

50
Q

What are the three roles of the mucosa of the GI?

A
  1. Protective
  2. Secretory
  3. Absorptive

Anatomy - Year Two (17 decks)

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