Neuroanatomy - Dry Room (Week 1)

Question 1

What artery acts as a conduit between the two anterior cerebral arteries?

Answer 1

Anterior communicating artery

Question 2

What lesser artery branches from the internal carotid artery?

Answer 2

Opthalmic artery

Question 3

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise?

Answer 3

Subclavian

Question 4

From which arteries do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise?

Answer 4

Common Carotid Arteries

Question 5

How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to?

Answer 5

Coalescence of the vertebral arteries

Closely related to the anterior basilar groove of the pons

Question 6

What blood system supplies the posterior aspect of the brain, cerebellum and the brainstem?

Answer 6

The vertebro-basilar system

Question 7

Which cranial nerve appears just superiorly to the superior cerebellar artery?

Answer 7

Oculomotor

Question 8

What is the carotid sinus?

Answer 8

A dilatation located on the terminal part of the common carotid artery

Question 9

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

Answer 9

It is a pressure receptor which monitors blood pressure coming to the brain

Question 10

Where do sensory nerves from the carotid sinus run?

Answer 10

In the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve bundles

Question 11

Where is the carotid body?

Answer 11

An area on the posterior wall of the terminal common carotid artery

Question 12

What is the function of the carotid body?

Answer 12

It is a chemoreceptor to anoxia (low oxygen)

Question 13

Detection of anoxia in the carotid body will result in what?

Answer 13

Stimulation of heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure

Question 14

Which arteries complete posterior of Circle of Willis?

Answer 14

Posterior communicating arteries- they link the internal carotid to posterior cerebral arteries

Question 15

In which fissures of the brain do the cerebral arteries travel?

Answer 15

Anterior cerebral artery- medial longitudinal
Middle cerebral artery- Lateral sulcus
Posterior cerebral artery- transverse sulcus

Question 16

What happens if there is an aneurysm of posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 16

Palsy of CN III (oculomotor)- diplopia

Question 17

What structures run through carotid canal?

Answer 17

Internal carotid artery and plexus of sympathetic motor nerves (from superior cervical ganglion)

Question 18

What structures run through carotid canal?

Answer 18

Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus of sympathetic motor nerves (from superior cervical ganglion)

Question 19

Where are the venous sinuses?

Answer 19

Between the periosteum and cranial dura

Question 20

What vein drains the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 20

Internal jugular veins

Question 21

Do the cranial veins have valves? What is the clinical significance?

Answer 21

No- therefore do not prevent back flow of blood outside the cranium.
Importance of this= potential route for infection

Question 22

What drains into the cavernous sinus?

Answer 22

ophthalmic veins, sphenoparietal sinus, middle cerebral vein

Question 23

What are emissary veins?

Answer 23

Small veins which connect the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull

Question 24

What connects the R + L inferior petrosal sinuses?

Answer 24

The basilar sinus

Question 25

Where drains into the inferior petrosal sinuses?

Answer 25

Cavernous sinus

Question 26

What is the blood supply to spinal cord?

Answer 26

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 27

What forms the anterior spinal artery?

Answer 27

Vertebral arteries (L+R)

Question 28

What forms the 2 posterior spinal arteries?

Answer 28

``` Vertebral artery (25% of people) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (75%) ```

Question 29

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 29

Dura, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 30

What fluid is in subarachnoid space?

Answer 30

CSF

Question 31

What generates the CSF and where?

Answer 31

Choroid plexus within ventricles

Question 32

What other structure is present in subarachnoid space?

Answer 32

Trabeculae

Question 33

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 33

Vertical sheet of dura- separates R + L cerebral hemispheres

Question 34

Which dural sinus runs within superior border of falx cerebri?

Answer 34

Superior sagittal sinus

Question 35

Which dural sinus runs along inferior border of falx cerebri?

Answer 35

Inferior saggital sinus

Question 36

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 36

Horizontal sheet of dura separating cerebellum from occipital lobes

Question 37

What structures does the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

Answer 37

Clinoid processes of sphenoid bone and internal surface of occipital bone

Question 38

Which dural sinus runs along attachment of falx cerebri to tentorium?

Answer 38

Straight sinus

Question 39

What is the fold of dura surrounding pituitary stalk?

Answer 39

Diaphragma sellae

Question 40

What is the middle meningeal artery?

Answer 40

Branch of maxillary artery that supplies blood to dura mater | It enters skull through foramen spinosum

Question 41

What ventricles + channels are there?

Answer 41

Lateral, 3rd, 4th ventricles Also interventricular foramina (foramen of Monro) which are inferior to lateral ventricles Cerebral aqueduct (posterior to midbrain)

Question 42

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 42

Ependymal cells that produce CSF

Question 43

What happens if CSF accumulates (gets blocked)?

Answer 43

Hydrocephalus

Question 44

Describe structure of lateral ventricle

Answer 44

Anterior horn, body, posterior horn, inferior horn

Question 45

How does CSF pass into subarachnoid space from 4th ventricle?

Answer 45

Through median and lateral apertures of roof of ventricle - Foramen of Magendie - Foramina of Luschka

Question 46

Where is CSF finally reabsorbed into general circulation?

Answer 46

From dural venous sinuses in brain

Question 47

How does CSF enter venous sinuses?

Answer 47

Drains into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations