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Anatomy - Year Two > Neuroanatomy - Dry Room (Week 1) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - Dry Room (Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What artery acts as a conduit between the two anterior cerebral arteries?

A

Anterior communicating artery

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2
Q

What lesser artery branches from the internal carotid artery?

A

Opthalmic artery

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3
Q

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise?

A

Subclavian

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4
Q

From which arteries do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise?

A

Common Carotid Arteries

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5
Q

How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to?

A

Coalescence of the vertebral arteries

Closely related to the anterior basilar groove of the pons

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6
Q

What blood system supplies the posterior aspect of the brain, cerebellum and the brainstem?

A

The vertebro-basilar system

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve appears just superiorly to the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Oculomotor

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8
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A dilatation located on the terminal part of the common carotid artery

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9
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

It is a pressure receptor which monitors blood pressure coming to the brain

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10
Q

Where do sensory nerves from the carotid sinus run?

A

In the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve bundles

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11
Q

Where is the carotid body?

A

An area on the posterior wall of the terminal common carotid artery

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12
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A

It is a chemoreceptor to anoxia (low oxygen)

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13
Q

Detection of anoxia in the carotid body will result in what?

A

Stimulation of heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure

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14
Q

Which arteries complete posterior of Circle of Willis?

A

Posterior communicating arteries- they link the internal carotid to posterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

In which fissures of the brain do the cerebral arteries travel?

A

Anterior cerebral artery- medial longitudinal
Middle cerebral artery- Lateral sulcus
Posterior cerebral artery- transverse sulcus

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16
Q

What happens if there is an aneurysm of posterior cerebral artery?

A

Palsy of CN III (oculomotor)- diplopia

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17
Q

What structures run through carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery and plexus of sympathetic motor nerves (from superior cervical ganglion)

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18
Q

What structures run through carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus of sympathetic motor nerves (from superior cervical ganglion)

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19
Q

Where are the venous sinuses?

A

Between the periosteum and cranial dura

20
Q

What vein drains the dural venous sinuses?

A

Internal jugular veins

21
Q

Do the cranial veins have valves? What is the clinical significance?

A

No- therefore do not prevent back flow of blood outside the cranium.
Importance of this= potential route for infection

22
Q

What drains into the cavernous sinus?

A

ophthalmic veins, sphenoparietal sinus, middle cerebral vein

23
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Small veins which connect the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull

24
Q

What connects the R + L inferior petrosal sinuses?

A

The basilar sinus

25
Q

Where drains into the inferior petrosal sinuses?

A

Cavernous sinus

26
Q

What is the blood supply to spinal cord?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

27
Q

What forms the anterior spinal artery?

A

Vertebral arteries (L+R)

28
Q

What forms the 2 posterior spinal arteries?

A 
Vertebral artery (25% of people)
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (75%)
29
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid, pia mater

30
Q

What fluid is in subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

31
Q

What generates the CSF and where?

A

Choroid plexus within ventricles

32
Q

What other structure is present in subarachnoid space?

A

Trabeculae

33
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Vertical sheet of dura- separates R + L cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

Which dural sinus runs within superior border of falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

35
Q

Which dural sinus runs along inferior border of falx cerebri?

A

Inferior saggital sinus

36
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Horizontal sheet of dura separating cerebellum from occipital lobes

37
Q

What structures does the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A

Clinoid processes of sphenoid bone and internal surface of occipital bone

38
Q

Which dural sinus runs along attachment of falx cerebri to tentorium?

A

Straight sinus

39
Q

What is the fold of dura surrounding pituitary stalk?

A

Diaphragma sellae

40
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery?

A

Branch of maxillary artery that supplies blood to dura mater

It enters skull through foramen spinosum

41
Q

What ventricles + channels are there?

A

Lateral, 3rd, 4th ventricles

Also interventricular foramina (foramen of Monro) which are inferior to lateral ventricles

Cerebral aqueduct (posterior to midbrain)

42
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Ependymal cells that produce CSF

43
Q

What happens if CSF accumulates (gets blocked)?

A

Hydrocephalus

44
Q

Describe structure of lateral ventricle

A

Anterior horn, body, posterior horn, inferior horn

45
Q

How does CSF pass into subarachnoid space from 4th ventricle?

A

Through median and lateral apertures of roof of ventricle

  • Foramen of Magendie
  • Foramina of Luschka
46
Q

Where is CSF finally reabsorbed into general circulation?

A

From dural venous sinuses in brain

47
Q

How does CSF enter venous sinuses?

A

Drains into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations

Anatomy - Year Two (17 decks)

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