Anatomy Recap Flashcards
What type of epithelium is protective mucosa? Where is it found?
Stratified squamous; mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, anal canal
What type of epithelium is secretory mucosa? Where is it found?
Contains cells responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes; found exclusively in the stomach
What are the features of absorptive mucosa?
Crypts and villi responsible for absorbing nutrients found in the small intestine
What does absorptive/protective mucosa do? Where is it found?
Specialises in water absorption and mucous secretion; found in late intestine
What are the four junctions in the Gi tract characterised by abrupt changes in the mucosal lining?
- Gastro-oesophageal
- Gastro-duodenal
- Ileo-caecal
- Recto-anal
What are the layers of the mucosa?
- Epithelium
- Basement membrane
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosae
What is the submucosa?
A fibrous connective tissue layer with larger blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves which can contain glands
Describe the layers of the muscularis externa?
Usually two layers; inner = circular outer = longitudinal (smooth muscle used for peristalsis/segmentation
Except in stomach where there are three; inner =oblique middle = circular and outer = longitudinal
Where do mucous secreting glands lie in the oesophagus
Submucosa
What is the epithelium of the oesophagus?
Non-kertinised squamous
Where are lymphoid aggregations found in the oesophagus?
Lamina propria
What is the epithelium of the stomach?
Secretory; simple columnar
Where are glands located in the stomach?
Lamina propria
What are the three types of gland in the stomach?
- Cardiac - mucous
- Fundic - HCL and intrinsic factor
- Pyloric - gastrin
What type of glands are stomach glands?
Simple tubular
Describe the stain of parietal cells?
Large and pink (fried egg)
Describe the staining of chief cells?
Dar (basophilic)
What are the large circular folds of the small intestine called?
Plicae circulars
What do the crypts of Lieberkhun contain?
Paneth cells (defensive function)
Endocrine cells
Stem cells
Lymphocytes
What unique gland is found in the submucosa of the duodenum? What does it secrete?
Brunners glands; bicarbonate
Describe the staining of islets of langehans?
Poor staining (lighter)
What are the villi of the jejunum like?
Tongue shaped with swollen ends and of varying height
What are the villi of the duodenum like?
Short, leaf shaped, closely packed and of varying heights
What are the histological features of the appendix?
Ring of lymph follicles in the lamina proprietary; no villi
