Anatomy Recap

Question 1

What type of epithelium is protective mucosa? Where is it found?

Answer 1

Stratified squamous; mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, anal canal

Question 2

What type of epithelium is secretory mucosa? Where is it found?

Answer 2

Contains cells responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes; found exclusively in the stomach

Question 3

What are the features of absorptive mucosa?

Answer 3

Crypts and villi responsible for absorbing nutrients found in the small intestine

Question 4

What does absorptive/protective mucosa do? Where is it found?

Answer 4

Specialises in water absorption and mucous secretion; found in late intestine

Question 5

What are the four junctions in the Gi tract characterised by abrupt changes in the mucosal lining?

Answer 5

1. Gastro-oesophageal
2. Gastro-duodenal
3. Ileo-caecal
4. Recto-anal

Question 6

What are the layers of the mucosa?

Answer 6

1. Epithelium
2. Basement membrane
3. Lamina propria
4. Muscularis mucosae

Question 7

What is the submucosa?

Answer 7

A fibrous connective tissue layer with larger blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves which can contain glands

Question 8

Describe the layers of the muscularis externa?

Answer 8

Usually two layers; inner = circular outer = longitudinal (smooth muscle used for peristalsis/segmentation

Except in stomach where there are three; inner =oblique middle = circular and outer = longitudinal

Question 9

Where do mucous secreting glands lie in the oesophagus

Answer 9

Submucosa

Question 10

What is the epithelium of the oesophagus?

Answer 10

Non-kertinised squamous

Question 11

Where are lymphoid aggregations found in the oesophagus?

Answer 11

Lamina propria

Question 12

What is the epithelium of the stomach?

Answer 12

Secretory; simple columnar

Question 13

Where are glands located in the stomach?

Answer 13

Lamina propria

Question 14

What are the three types of gland in the stomach?

Answer 14

1. Cardiac - mucous
2. Fundic - HCL and intrinsic factor
3. Pyloric - gastrin

Question 15

What type of glands are stomach glands?

Answer 15

Simple tubular

Question 16

Describe the stain of parietal cells?

Answer 16

Large and pink (fried egg)

Question 17

Describe the staining of chief cells?

Answer 17

Dar (basophilic)

Question 18

What are the large circular folds of the small intestine called?

Answer 18

Plicae circulars

Question 19

What do the crypts of Lieberkhun contain?

Answer 19

Paneth cells (defensive function)
Endocrine cells
Stem cells
Lymphocytes

Question 20

What unique gland is found in the submucosa of the duodenum? What does it secrete?

Answer 20

Brunners glands; bicarbonate

Question 21

Describe the staining of islets of langehans?

Answer 21

Poor staining (lighter)

Question 22

What are the villi of the jejunum like?

Answer 22

Tongue shaped with swollen ends and of varying height

Question 23

What are the villi of the duodenum like?

Answer 23

Short, leaf shaped, closely packed and of varying heights

Question 24

What are the histological features of the appendix?

Answer 24

Ring of lymph follicles in the lamina proprietary; no villi

Question 25

What are the stains of the salivary glands?

Answer 25

Parotid - dark
Submandibular - mixed
Sublingual - light