Head And Neck - Dry Room (Week 3)

Question 1

What four bones articulate to form the pterion?

Answer 1

Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid

Question 2

What structures pass through the foramina of the cribriform plate?

Answer 2

Olfactory (I)

Question 3

What structures pass through the optic foramen?

Answer 3

Optic nerve (II)

Question 4

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 4

CN III, IV, V1 and VI along with ophthalmic veins

Question 5

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 5

CN V2 (remember round max)

Question 6

What structures pass through the foramen ovale?

Answer 6

CN V3

Question 7

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 7

Middle meningeal artery and vein (+ meningeal branch of mandibular nerve)

Question 8

What structures pass through the foramen lacerum?

Answer 8

Nerve of pterygoid canal

Some emissary veins, ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 9

What structures pass through the carotid canal?

Answer 9

ICA and carotid plexus

Question 10

What structures pass through the internal acoustic foramen?

Answer 10

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), facial nerve (VII) and labyrinthine artery

Question 11

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 11

Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves (IX, X, XI ) and internal jugular vein

Question 12

What structures pass through the hypoglossal foramen?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 13

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

Answer 13

Brainstem, vertebral arteries, spinal roots of accessory nerve

Question 14

Starting from the internal occipital protuberance, trace the course of grooves on the internal surface of the skull

Answer 14

Running laterally from the internal occipital protuberance is the groove of the transverse sinus, then it continues as an S-shaped groove of the sigmoid sinus before it drains through the jugular foramen as the internal jugular vein

Question 15

What depression in the floor of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?

Answer 15

Sella turnica

Question 16

What processes line the anterior and posterior of the sella turnica?

Answer 16

Anterior and posterior clinoid processes

Question 17

What is the function of the anterior and posterior clinoid processes?

Answer 17

Serve as attachments for the dura mater called tentorium cerebelli

Question 18

What structure occurs on the lateral aspects of each sella turnica?

Answer 18

Grooves for the cavernous sinuses

Question 19

What foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 19

Superior orbital fissure

Question 20

What muscles attaches to the medial pterygoid plate?

Answer 20

Constrictor pharyngis superior

Question 21

What is the advantages of the fontanelles of a childs skull during childbirth and infancy?

Answer 21

Childbirth - allows for manipulation of skull to accommodate childbirth

Infancy - allows for rapid growth and reduced chance of fracture when knocked (e.g. after a fall)

Question 22

What type of ossification occurs for the flat and irregular bones of the skull?

Answer 22

Flat - intramembraneous

Irregular - endochondral

Question 23

At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?

Answer 23

18-24 months

Question 24

At what age does the posterior fontanelle typically close?

Answer 24

2-3 months

Question 25

What histological tissue lines the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 25

Stratified, keratinised squamous epithelium

Question 26

What type of muscle underlies the epithelium of the tongue?

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle

Question 27

What do serous acini of salivary glands predominantly secrete? What effect does this have on H&E staining?

Answer 27

Proteins; darker stain

Question 28

What do mucous acini of salivary glands predominantly secrete? What effect does this have on H&E staining?

Answer 28

Glycoproteins; light staining

Question 29

What colour would you expect to see in a H&E stain of a sample of parotid gland? Why?

Answer 29

Dark; mainly serous acini

Question 30

What colour would you expect to see in a H&E stain of a sample of submandibular gland? Why?

Answer 30

Mixed, light and dark; both serious and mucous secretion

Question 31

What colour would you expect to see in a H&E stain of a sample of sublingual gland? Why?

Answer 31

Light; mainly mucous acini