Head And Neck - Dry Room (Week 1)

Question 1

Describe the contents of the vertebral compartment

Answer 1

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles (pre and postvertebral)

Question 2

Describe the contents of the vascular compartment

Answer 2

Contains major blood vessels and the vagus nerve (one on each side)

Question 3

Describe the contents of the visceral compartment

Answer 3

Glands - Thyroid, parathyroid and part of the thymus

Tubes - larynx, pharynx, trachea and oesophagus

Question 4

What visceral layer surround the compartments of the neck?

Answer 4

Musculofascial collar

Question 5

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

7

Question 6

What kind of joint is present between the occipital chondyles and C1?

Answer 6

Synovial chondylar

Question 7

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2?

Answer 7

Synovial pivot

Question 8

What is the odontoid peg (dens)?

Answer 8

Finger-like projection from C2 (atlas) articulating with C1 (axis) allowing for pivot of head (looking from left to right)

Question 9

What is the vertebra prominens?

Answer 9

Spinous process of C7

Question 10

What are the special features of the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 10

Bifid from C3 to C5

Question 11

What curvature exists in the cervical spine?

Answer 11

Lordosis

Question 12

How many triangles are there in the neck?

Answer 12

Two (anterior and posterior)

Question 13

Outline the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 13

Anterior: Midline of neck
Posterior: Anterior boarder of SCM
Superior: Inferior angle of the mandible

Question 14

Outline the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 14

Anterior: Posterior boarder of SCM
Posterior: Anterior boarder of trapezius
Inferior: Clavicle

Question 15

What are the contents of the anterior triangle?

Answer 15

Arteries: CCA, ECA, ICA, Facial

Veins: IJV and facial

Nerves: Vagus (X), hypoglossal (XII), glossopharyngeal (IX) laryngeal (branch of vagus) , accessory (XI)

Nodes: Submental and submandibular

Question 16

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 16

Arteries: Occipital

Veins: EJV

Nervers: Cervical nerve plexus and accessory (CN XI)

Lymph nodes

Question 17

What two muscles are important in forming the boundaries of the triangles in the neck?

Answer 17

SCM and trapezius

Question 18

What are the attachments of the SCM?

Answer 18

Origin: Mastoid process
Insertions: Sternum and clavicle

Question 19

What movements occur when the SCM is contracted?

Answer 19

Head tilts to the same side and face turn to opposite side

Question 20

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

Answer 20

External Occipital Protuberance and Scapulae

Question 21

What are the actions of the trapezius?

Answer 21

Rotation, elevation and retraction

Question 22

Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?

Answer 22

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 23

Which triangle can be further subdivided into four smaller triangles? What are they called?

Answer 23

Anterior triangle:

• Submental
• Digastric/Submandibular
• Carotid
• Muscular

Question 24

What forms the cervical plexus?

Answer 24

Anterior rami of C1-C4

plexus is deep to SCM muscle, emerges between SCM and trapezius

Question 25

What are the common carotid arteries branches of on the left and right side respectively?

Answer 25

Left - Aorta | Right - Brachiocephalic artery

Question 26

What structures are contained in the carotid sheath?

Answer 26

Carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerv (CN X)

Question 27

At what vertebral level does the CCA bifurcate?

Answer 27

C4

Question 28

From what structure does the internal jugular vein arise and through which foramen does it exit the skull?

Answer 28

Jugular venous sinus and through the jugular foramen

Question 29

Which vein does the IJV merge with and what vein is then formed?

Answer 29

IJV + Subclavian = Brachiocephalic

Question 30

What vein does the EJV drain into?

Answer 30

Subclavian

Question 31

In relation to the sternocleidomastoid, where does the EJV run?

Answer 31

Superficial

Question 32

Within the carotid sheath, where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the other vessels?

Answer 32

In-between

Question 33

The cervical plexus is the origin for what vital nerve responsible for innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 33

Phrenic

Question 34

Name the four muscles/type of muscles which all attach to the hyoid bone

Answer 34

1. Suprahyoids 2. Infrahyoids 3. Hypoglossus 4. Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Question 35

Name the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 35

1. Digastric 2. Geniohyoid 3. Stylohyoid 4. Myelohyoid

Question 36

What is the innervation of the digastric muscle?

Answer 36

Inferior alveolar nerve and the facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 37

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 37

Ansa cervicalis (fibres of the cervical plexus which follow the route of the hypoglossal nerve CN XII)

Question 38

What is the innervation of the myelohyoid muscle?

Answer 38

Inferior alveolar artery

Question 39

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 39

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 40

What action do the suprahyoid muscles have on both the hyoid and mandible?

Answer 40

Elevate hyoid and depress the mandible

Question 41

Name the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 41

Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid

Question 42

What is the innervation of the sternohyoid muscle?

Answer 42

Ansa cervicalis

Question 43

What is the innervation of the sternothyroid muscle?

Answer 43

Ansa cervicalis

Question 44

What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 44

Ansa cervicalis

Question 45

What is the innervation of the omohyoid muscle?

Answer 45

Anterior rami of C1-3

Question 46

What actions do the infra hyoid muscles have on the larynx and the hyoid respectively?

Answer 46

Larynx - elevates | Hyoid - depresses

Question 47

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid?

Answer 47

Left and right lobes connected via the isthmus

Question 48

At what vertebral levels does the thyroid most commonly occur?

Answer 48

C5-T1

Question 49

Which of the compartments of the neck does the thyroid inhabit?

Answer 49

Visceral