Head And Neck - Wet Room (Week 3)

Question 1

What passes through the optic foramen?

2

Answer 1

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 2

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

5

Answer 2

• Oculomotor, trochlear and abducent cranial nerves
• Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
• Ophthalmic veins

Question 3

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

1

Answer 3

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 4

What three layers of the eye is there?

Answer 4

Outer fibrous, middle vascular and inner sensory layers

Question 5

Describe the outer fibrous layer of the eye

Answer 5

Comprises of sclera and cornea - is a complete layer

Question 6

Describe the middle vascular layer of the eye

Answer 6

Comprises of ciliary body, iris and choroid - incomplete anteriorly (anterior apertures in iris is called pupil)

Question 7

Describe the inner sensory layer of the eye

Answer 7

Comprises of retina and is present posteriorly (starting at equator)

Question 8

In the eye, what is the watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber?

Answer 8

Aqueous humour

Question 9

In the eye, what is the gel-like fluid that fills the posterior chamber?

Answer 9

Vitreous humour

Question 10

What is the ora serrata in the eye?

Answer 10

Border between the ciliary body and the anterior retina

Question 11

What is the forvea centralis?

Answer 11

A spot on the retina with the highest density of cones, giving the clearest vision

Question 12

What part of the eye produces aqueous humour?

Answer 12

Ciliary body

Question 13

Name the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 13

Ciliaris, constrictor pupilae, dilator pupilae

Question 14

Describe the location of each of the intrinsic eye muscles

Answer 14

Ciliaris - in the ciliary body
Constrictor pupilae - pupillary border
Dilator pupilae - radially in the iris

Question 15

Describe the action of each of the intrinsic eye muscles

Answer 15

Ciliaris - accomodation
Constrictor pupilae - shrinks pupil
Dilator pupilae - dilates pupil

Question 16

Describe the innervation of each of the intrinsic eye muscles

Answer 16

Ciliaris - oculomotor nerve
Constrictor pupilae - oculomotor nerve
Dilator pupilae - sympathetic innervation

Question 17

Name the extrinsic muscles of the eye

Answer 17

Recti (superior, inferior, medial, later)
Obliques (superior, inferior)
Levator palpabrae superioris

Question 18

What is the action of the medial rectus?

Answer 18

Adduction

Question 19

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

Answer 19

Abduction

Question 20

What are the actions of the superior rectus?

Answer 20

Elevation, adduction, intorsion

Question 21

What are the actions of the inferior rectus?

Answer 21

Depression, abduction, extorsion

Question 22

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

Answer 22

Depression, adduction, intorsion

Question 23

What are the actions of the inferior oblique?

Answer 23

Elevation, abduction, extorsion

Question 24

What is the only extrinsic muscle which doesn’t originate i the posterior aspect of the orbit?

Answer 24

Inferior oblique

Question 25

Name the ligaments that prevent overadduction/overabduction in the eye?

Answer 25

Medial and lateral check ligaments

Question 26

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?

Answer 26

Suspends the lens from the ciliary body

Question 27

Name the branch of the ICA which supplies the orbit and eye?

Answer 27

Ophthalmic

Question 28

Which foramina in the skull do ophthalmic veins enter to drain into the cavernous venous sinus?

Answer 28

Superior orbital fissure

Question 29

What type of joint is found between the ossicles?

Answer 29

Synovial

Question 30

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

Answer 30

Malleus

Question 31

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

Answer 31

Stapes

Question 32

Name the two muscles associated with the ossicles?

Answer 32

Tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 33

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

Answer 33

Pulls malleus which tenses the tympanic membrane

Question 34

What is the action of the stapedius?

Answer 34

Tightens annular ligament

Question 35

What is the collective effect of the muscles associated with the ossicles?

Answer 35

Protects the ear against loud noises

Question 36

What part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear reside in?

Answer 36

The petrous part

Question 37

What fluid lies within the bony labyrinth?

Answer 37

Perilymph

Question 38

What fluid lies within the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 38

Endolymph

Question 39

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit posteriorly?

Answer 39

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 40

Other than the facial nerve, what other nerve exits the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 40

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Question 41

How does the facial nerve run through the middle ear?

Answer 41

Through a canal (facial canal) on the medial aspect of the middle ear

Question 42

While in the facial canal, the facial artery gives off what neural structure in the middle ear?

Answer 42

Chorda tympani nerve

Question 43

What is the function of the chorda tympani?

Answer 43

1. Secretomotor parasympathetic innervation to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands 2. Special sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 44

Name the lymph node groups of the face and scalp (6)

Answer 44

1. Parotid (pre-auricular) 2. Buccal 3. Submental 4. Submandibular 5. Mastoid (post-auricular) 6. Occipital

Question 45

Name the lymph node groups of the neck (5)

Answer 45

1. Anterior cervical 2. Superficial cervical 3. Retropharyngeal 4. Laryngeal 5. Tracheal