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Anatomy - Year Two > Head And Neck - Wet Room (Week 2) > Flashcards

Head And Neck - Wet Room (Week 2) Flashcards

1
Q

How many deciduous teeth do children have?

A

20

8 incisors
4 canines
8 molars

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2
Q

How many permanent teeth do adults have?

A

32

8 incisors
4 canines
8 premolars
12 molars

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3
Q

What type of joint is the temperomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Synovial hinge

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4
Q

What are the two articular processes of the TMJ?

A
  1. Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

2. Condylar process of the mandible

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5
Q

What five movements occur at the TMJ?

A 
Elevation
Depression 
Protrusion 
Retraction 
Side to side motion
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6
Q

Name the four muscles of mastication

A
  1. Massater
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lateral pterygoid
  4. Medial pterygoid
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7
Q

What shape is the temporalis?

A

Fan shaped

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8
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

Coronoid fossa of the mandible and temporal fossa

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9
Q

If the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract, what effect does this have on the mandible?

A

Elevation

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10
Q

If the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract, what effect does this have on the mandible?

A

Retraction

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11
Q

Identify the bony attachments of the massater

A
  1. Zygomatic arch

2. Outer surface of ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

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12
Q

What is the action of the massater?

A

Elevation and protrusion of the mandible

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13
Q

The lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to the _____ aspect of the _____ pterygoid plate

A

lateral; lateral

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14
Q

The medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the _____ aspect of the _____ pterygoid plate

A

medial; lateral

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15
Q

To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Angle of the mandible

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16
Q

When the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract, they causes what action?

A

Protrusion of the mandible

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17
Q

When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid muscle, what action does it cause?

A

Side to side motion of the mandible

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18
Q

When the two medial pterygoid muscles contract, they causes what action?

A

Elevation of the mandible

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19
Q

What suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible?

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Myelohyoid
    (all suprahyoid except stylohyoid)
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20
Q

What muscles causes elevation of the mandible?

A
  1. Massater
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial pterygoid
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21
Q

What muscles causes depression of the mandible?

A
  1. Lateral pterygoid (only muscle of mastication which depresses)
  2. Digastric
  3. Myelohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
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22
Q

What muscles causes protrusion of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid and Masseter

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23
Q

What muscles causes retraction of the mandible?

A

Temporalis

24
Q

What muscles causes side to side movements of the mandible?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoid acting together

25
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

26
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium?

A

Ovale forame

27
Q

Where do the motor branches of CN V3 supply the muscles of mastication?

A

Infratemporal fossa

28
Q

How does CN V3 give sensory innervation to the mandibular area?

A

Division of CN V3 (inferior alveolar nerve) enters into the mandibular foramen

29
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Trap dirt
  3. Respiratory
  4. Immune role
30
Q

With what bone do the nasal bones articulate with superiorly at the naison?

A

Frontal

31
Q

What bones from the roof of the nasal cavity from anterior to posterior?

A

Nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of the ethmoid and medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

32
Q

What bones from the floor of the nasal cavity from anterior to posterior?

A

Palatine process of the maxillae and palatine bones

33
Q

What two bones form the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer

34
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerves

35
Q

What attaches to the crista gali?

A

Falx cerebri ( attaches the dura mater to the anterior skull)

36
Q

What are the five parts of the ethmoid bone?

A
  1. The cribriform plate
  2. The crista gali
  3. The central plate
  4. The superior and middle conchae
  5. Ethmoid air cells
37
Q

What are ethmoid air cells?

A

Numerous small sinus-like pockets in the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone

38
Q

What two bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla and palatine bones

39
Q

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

40
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

41
Q

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three projections known as what?

A

Conchae

42
Q

The spaces just inferior to these conchae are known as what?

A

Pleural meatuses

43
Q

What is the name of the space just superior to the superior conchae?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

44
Q

What bone forms the superior and middle conchae?

A

Ethmoid

45
Q

The nose has a rich arterial supply from what artery?

A

Ophthalmic (a branch of the ICA)

46
Q

Describe the network of arteries in the nose?

A
  • Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries
  • Sphenopalatine artery and it’s branches
  • Greater palatine artery
  • Lateral nasal branches of facial artery
47
Q

What is the clinical significance of Kisselbachs area in the nose?

A

Rich, anastomosing vasculature means bleeding due to trauma is profuse

48
Q

What are the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Four paired air spaces proximal to the air cavity

49
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Decreased weight of the skull and aid in resonance of the voice

50
Q

What does the sphenoiethmoidal recess open into?

A

Sphenoidal sinus

51
Q

What does the superior meatus open into?

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

52
Q

What does the middle meatus open into?

A
  1. Maxillary air sinus
  2. Frontal air sinus
  3. Anterior and middle ethmoid air cells
53
Q

What does the inferior meatus open into?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

54
Q

Name the air sinus whose floor if often indented by tooth sockets?

A

Maxillary

55
Q

How is the frontal air sinus innervated?

A

Ophthalmic nerve

56
Q

How is the maxillary air sinus innervated?

A

CN V2 bitch

57
Q

The sphenoid sinus and ethmoidal air cells are innervated by which nerves?

A

Ethmoid - CN V1

Sphenoid - CN V1 and V2

Anatomy - Year Two (17 decks)

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