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Anatomy/Physiology > Nervous System(short) > Flashcards

Nervous System(short) Flashcards

1
Q

neuron functions: stimulate skeletal muscles

A

multipolar

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2
Q

neuron functions: found in special senses

A

bipolar

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3
Q

neuron functions: sensory neurons(only vision and taste)

A

unipolar

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4
Q

neuron functions: neuron functions: take info away from CNS

A

motor/efferent neurons

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5
Q

neuron functions: take info to the CNS

A

sensory neurons

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6
Q

neuron functions: communicate with other ____________________; only in CNS(spinal cord)

A

interneurons/association neurons

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7
Q

neuron functions: extensions cover/control blood vessels and form the blood-brain barrier; repair and communicate with other glia and neurons

A

astrocytes

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8
Q

neuron functions: extensions that produce myelin; which covers the axons of myelinated neurons

A

oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

neuron functions: include phagocytes, which engulf bacteria

A

microglial cells/microglia

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10
Q

neuron functions: epithelial cells; line cavities/ventricles and tubes(spinal cord); some make CSF and others have cilia to move it

A

ependymal cells

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11
Q

neuron functions: cover cell bodies and sensory neurons

A

satellite cells

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12
Q

neuron functions: produce myelin for the axons of the sensory receptors of incoming/motor neurons

A

schwann cells

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13
Q

impulses: each section of the axon stimulates the next section; axons are unmyelinated; slow, about 2 mph

A

continuous propogation

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14
Q

impulses: skips sections because axons are myelinated; fast, 200-300 mph; myelin covers/blocks if they are there; still has unmyelinated sections called the Nodes of Ranvier

A

saltatory propogation

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15
Q

what does the outer dura mater of the brain attach to?

A

the periosteum of the skull

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16
Q

which of the meninges contains the “seatbelts” that hold the brain in place?

A

inner dura mater

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17
Q

what is the arachnoid layer made up of?

A

elastic and collagen fibers

18
Q

which layer is directly attached to the brain and spinal cord?

A

pia mater

19
Q

parts of the brain: secretary for all sensory info except smell

A

thalamus

20
Q

parts of the brain: contains the pineal gland, and controls the circadian rhythm

A

epithalamus

21
Q

parts of the brain: has nerve tracts on the anterior side and balls for involuntary movement, sound, and vision on the posterior side

A

midbrain

22
Q

parts of the brain: contain nerve tracts to and from the cerebellum for motor control AND centers to adjust involuntary controls

A

pons

23
Q

parts of the brain: contain nerve tracts that carry both sensory and motor info; sets involuntary controls

A

medulla oblongata

24
Q

parts of the brain: the most posterior part of the brain; contains all muscle memory

A

cerebellum

25
Q

what are the 3 main things contained within CSF?

A

-ions
-lots of glucose
-waste(CO2)

26
Q

other name for postcentral gyrus

A

primary sensory cortex

27
Q

other name for precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

28
Q

lobes: contains the postcentral gyrus and the somatic sensory association

A

parietal lobe

29
Q

lobes: contains the visual cortex and the visual association area

A

occipital lobe

30
Q

lobes: contains the gustatory cortex, gustatory association area, olfactory cortex, and the olfactory association area

A

insula

31
Q

which lobe controls motor functions?

A

frontal lobe

32
Q

what are the 3 motor areas?

A

-primary motor cortex
-motor speech area/Broca’s area
-frontal eye field

33
Q

what are the 5 sensory areas?

A

-primary somatosensory cortex
-primary visual cortex
-primary auditory cortex
-primary gustatory cortex
-primary olfactory cortex

34
Q

what are the 5 association areas?

A

-somatic motor/premotor cortex
-auditory association area
-visual association area
-Wernicke area
-somatic sensory association area

35
Q

nerve axons that stay in the same hemisphere

A

association areas

36
Q

nerve axons that go from the right to the left hemisphere

A

commissural tracts

37
Q

nerve axons that go from the cerebrum to a different part of the brain

A

projection tracts

38
Q

what are the 5 types of basal nuclei in the cerebrum?

A

-caudate nucleus
-lentiform nucleus
-globus pallidus
-putamen
-amygdaloid body

39
Q

final relay point for all sensory info(except olfaction) before it goes to the somatic sensory cortex/gyrus; acts as a filter for all sensory info; coordinates voluntary and involuntary motor commands

A

thalamus

40
Q

regulates day and night cycles; contains the pineal gland

A

epithlalmus

41
Q

descending bundles of nerve tracts that go from the cerebrum to either the cerebellum through the pons OR the spinal cord for motor commands

A

cerebral peduncles

42
Q

network of interconnected nuclei that extend through the brain stem

A

reticular formation

Anatomy/Physiology (27 decks)

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