Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy/Physiology > Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System(Heart) > Flashcards

Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System(Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

how big is the heart?

A

about the size of your fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is the heart positioned?

A

tilted and rotated; posterior to the sternum(direct middle), in the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 2 circuts?

A

pulmonary and systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

right ventricle–>lungs–>left atrium

A

pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

left ventricle–>body part–>right atrium

A

systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many chambers does the heart have?

A

4; 2 ventricles and 2 atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 functions of the atria?

A

-receive blood from body
-send blood to ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are atrial walls thinner than ventricular walls?

A

in atria, blood only has to travel short distance and with no gravity; in ventricles, blood has to travel much longer distances and needs more force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the 2nd name of the artia?

A

auricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 functions of the ventricles?

A

-receive blood from atria
-send blood to rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ditches that contain an artery, vein, and a nerve; covered by adipose tissue

A

sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sulcus found between the atria and ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sulci found between the ventricles

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carries blood away from the heart; most have oxygenated blood

A

artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bring blood to the heart; most have deoxygenated blood

A

vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vessels where exchange of nutrients/waste take place

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in what direction do the atria contract?

A

top to bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in what direction do the ventricles contract?

A

bottom to top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of the epicardium/visceral pericardium?

A

make fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the outer layer of the epicardium made up of?

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the inner layer of the epicardium made up of?

A

loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thickest layer(98% of the wall of the heart); contains cardiac muscle cells, blood vessels, and nerves

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

innermost/deepest layer of the heart wall; layer of simple squamous; also called the endothelium

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F: does cardiac muscle contain intercalated disks?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is cardiac muscle dark?

A

it contains lots of mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

brings in deoxygenated blood from the head and upper shoulders

A

superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

brings in deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body

A

inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

brings in deoxygenated blood from the veins of the heart

A

coronary sinus

29
Q

valve with 3 cusps; prevents blood from flowing backwards

A

right AV/tricuspid valve

30
Q

rope-like fibers; attached to ridges of muscle along the ventricle wall to papillary muscle

A

chordae tendinae

31
Q

valve with 2 cusps; prevents backflow of blood

A

left AV/bicuspid/mitral valve

32
Q

receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

33
Q

used to prevent backflow of blood from the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

34
Q

keeps blood from flowing back into the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

35
Q

consists of dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that encircle the bases of the large blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart

A

cardiac skeleton

36
Q

what are the 2 types of cardiac muscle cells?

A

contractile and noncontractile cells

37
Q

cardiac muscles cells that contract when stimulated; 90% of cardiac muscle

A

contractile cells

38
Q

cardiac muscle cells that when stimulated, they either start the impulse or move it along

A

noncontractile cells

39
Q

what are the 2 types of noncontractile cells?

A

nodal and conducting cells

40
Q

groups of cells that initiate the impulse; power plant

A

nodal cells

41
Q

cells that move the impulse from the nodes to the contracting cardiac muscle; power lines

A

conducting cells

42
Q

what are the 2 types of nodal cells?

A

SA node and AV node

43
Q

start the impulse for the atria; averages 70-75 times per minute; pacemaker of the heart

A

SA(sinoatrial) node

44
Q

start the impulse for the ventricles; averages 40 beats/min(when done on its own)

A

AV(atrioventricular node) node

45
Q

lower than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

46
Q

higher than 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

47
Q

from the start of a heartbeat to the start of the next; one atrial contraction/relaxation and one ventricular contraction/relaxation

A

cardiac cycle

48
Q

during contraction, chambers empty blood

A

systole

49
Q

during relaxation, chambers are filling with blood

A

diastole

50
Q

1st heart sound; produced as AV valves close and semilunar valves open

A

lubb

51
Q

2nd heart sound; produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole when semilunar valves close

A

dupp

52
Q

the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricles in 1 min; right and left pump equal amounts of blood

A

cardiac output(CO)

53
Q

what 2 factors affect cardiac output?

A

heart rate and stroke volume

54
Q

number of bpm

A

heart rate(HR)

55
Q

how much blood a ventricle holds(mL)

A

stroke volume(SV)

56
Q

how do you calculate cardiac output?

A

CO=HRxSV

57
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms that affect cardiac output?

A

blood volume reflex, autonomic innervation, and hormones

58
Q

cardiac output: measured/stimulated by the amount of blood in that particular chamber

A

blood volume reflex

59
Q

what are the 2 types of blood volume reflex?

A

atrial and ventricular reflex

60
Q

blood volume reflex: measures the venous blood that is going into the right atrium; if there is more venous blood, it expands the walls of the right atrium and the receptors are stimulated more often; stimulates SA node; Bainbridge Reflex

A

atrial reflex

61
Q

blood volume reflex: receptors in the wall of both ventricles; when stimulated, they force bigger and longer contractions of ventricular walls(called Frank-Starling Principle)

A

ventricular reflex

62
Q

what is the Frank-Starling Principle?

A

more in=more out

63
Q

cardiac output: both atrial and ventricular receptors go to ANS

A

autonomic innervation

64
Q

what are the 2 types of autonomic innervation?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

65
Q

autonomic innervation: fight or flight; increases SA node, harder contractions; when the heart fills with more blood, this is stimulated and sends an impulse to the SA node(HR goes up) and walls of the heart(harder contractions, SV goes up); controlled by medulla oblongata cardioaccelatory and cardiodecelatory centers

A

sympathetic nervous system

66
Q

autonomic innervation: rest and digest; when the heart fills with less blood, this is stimulated and sends an impulse to the SA node–>slows down HR; walls of heart do not squeeze as hard; controlled by medulla oblongata in cardioaccelatory and cardiodecelatory centers

A

parasympathetic nervous system

67
Q

which hormones are considered “quick hitters” and where are they secreted from(same place)? (2)

A

E and NE; secreted from suprarenal cortex

68
Q

which hormones have a long-term effect? (3)

A

T3, T4, glucagon

Anatomy/Physiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions