Chapter 16: The Digestive System

Question 1

what are the 5 functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

-ingestion
-mechanical processing
-digestion
-secretion
-absorption

Question 2

physically breaks up food to get more surface area

Answer 2

buccal/oral cavity

Question 3

what is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 3

lips/labias

Question 4

what is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 4

pharynx

Question 5

what are the lateral boundaries of the oral cavity?

Answer 5

cheeks

Question 6

what is the area between the cheeks/lips and the gums/teeth called?

Answer 6

vestibule

Question 7

what is the superior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 7

palates

Question 8

what is the inferior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 8

tongue

Question 9

what is underneath the tongue that keeps it from being swallowed?

Answer 9

lingual fundibulum

Question 10

what are the 3 functions of the tongue?

Answer 10

-place food under teeth without getting bitten
-mechanical digestion
-sensory info(make decisions)

Question 11

what is the main function of the salivary gland?

Answer 11

secrete saliva

Question 12

how much saliva is produced in one day?

Answer 12

1-1.5 liters

Question 13

what are the 4 functions of the salivary glands?

Answer 13

-digest food(carbs)
-buffer(neutralize acidity from stomach)
-secrete mucin
-antibacterial

Question 14

salivary glands that empty into the vestibule of the upper 2nd molar; has salivary amylase; there are 2 of these

Answer 14

parotid

Question 15

salivary glands under the tongue; have several ducts that empty into the lingual fundibulum; there are 2 of these

Answer 15

sublingual

Question 16

salivary glands that have several ducts that empty into the lingual fundibulum; there are 2 of these

Answer 16

submandibular

Question 17

how many teeth are there in an adult mouth?

Answer 17

16 per jaw(32 total)

Question 18

how many teeth are there in a child mouth?

Answer 18

10 per jaw(20 total)

Question 19

what are the 4 types of teeth?

Answer 19

incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars

Question 20

teeth: blades/knives; used for cutting; 8 total

Answer 20

incisors

Question 21

teeth: canines/fangs; shovel; used for piercing/stabbing/ripping/tearing; 4 total

Answer 21

cuspids

Question 22

teeth: 2 shovel-like edges(8 total); lots of tearing, piercing, and grinding of food; combo teeth

Answer 22

bicuspids

Question 23

teeth: 12 total?; grinding, chewing

Answer 23

molars

Question 24

what type of cells make up the pharynx?

Answer 24

stratified squamous

Question 25

reminder to figure out oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

the pharynx contains sensors that initiate the _____________________

Answer 26

swallow reflex

Question 27

approximately 10 inches long; stratified squamous; has mucous; muscular tube

Answer 27

esophagus

Question 28

what do the stratified squamous cells and mucous do for the esophagus?

Answer 28

helps to resist mechanical and temperature abrasions

Question 29

what is the upper 1/3 of the esophagus made up of?

Answer 29

skeletal muscle

Question 30

what is the middle 1/3 of the esophagus made up of?

Answer 30

skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 31

what is the bottom 1/3 of the esophagus made up of?

Answer 31

smooth muscle

Question 32

what are the 2 circular, longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the esophagus used for?

Answer 32

peristalsis

Question 33

involuntary movement of food throughout the digestive tubes

Answer 33

peristalsis

Question 34

what are the 3 phases of the swallow reflex?

Answer 34

oral phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase

Question 35

swallow reflex: mouth, teeth, and tongue; mash, rip, and grind food and form bolus until the tongue thinks it feels ok to go down the esophagus; tongue starts to swallow-->soft palate moves upwards(hides nasal pharynx-->makes sure food doesn't go into nasal area)

Answer 35

oral phase

Question 36

chewed/mashed up ball of food

Answer 36

bolus

Question 37

swallow reflex: sensors on backside of tongue and walls of pharynx; trachea goes upwards and epiglottis flap covers the top of the trachea-->can't breathe-->food can't go down trachea; upper esophageal sphincter releases; bolus goes into esophagus

Answer 37

pharyngeal phase

Question 38

swallow reflex: peristalsis takes food the rest of the way; lower esophageal sphincter relaxes and takes food into stomach

Answer 38

esophageal phase

Question 39

what type of epithelium makes up the stomach?

Answer 39

simple columnar

Question 40

what are the 4 functions of the stomach?

Answer 40

-temporary storage -mechanical breakdown -chemical breakdown -production of intrinsic factor

Question 41

a protein produced by parietal and chief? cells of the stomach to help the SI to absorb Vitamin B12

Answer 41

intrinsic factor

Question 42

fluid in stomach that breaks down bonds that hold tissue together(plants and meat)

Answer 42

stomach acid(HCl)

Question 43

breaks down protein/peptide bonds

Answer 43

pepsin

Question 44

what does the stomach turn the bolus into?

Answer 44

chyme

Question 45

nutrient-rich; chick broth like material; very acidic

Answer 45

chyme

Question 46

what are the folds in the stomach when empty called?

Answer 46

rugae

Question 47

contain gastric glands

Answer 47

gastric pits