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ANAT1030 > Nervous System II > Flashcards

Nervous System II Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the flow of CSF in the ventricles

A

2 lateral ventricles (temporal horn –> frontal horn) –> (through inter-ventricular foramina) midline 3rd ventricle –> 4th ventricle (via cerebral aqueduct) –> sub-arachnoid space of cranial cavity median aperture and 2 lateral apertures

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2
Q

What produces CSF?

A

choroid plexus

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3
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

CN I; Sensory; carries olfactory information from olfactory epithelium through the foramina of cribiform plate

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4
Q

Optic Nerve

A

CN II; Sensory; Carries visual information from the retina through the optic canal

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5
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

A

CN VIII; Sensory; Carries balance and hearing from inner ear (cochlea and vestibular apparatus) through the internal auditory meatus

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6
Q

occulomotor nerve

A

CN III; motor; innervates 4 of the 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye, and intrinsic muscles (iris and ciliary body/lens)

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7
Q

trochlear nerve

A

CN IV; motor; innervates superior oblique (down and out muscle)

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8
Q

Abducens Nerve

A

CN IV; motor; innervates lateral rectus (abducts the eye)

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9
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerve

A

CN XI; motor; innervates the sternocleidomastiod (rotates the head) & trapezius muscles (shrugs the shoulders); exits cranium via jugular foramen

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10
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

CN XII; motor; innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue. Exits via hypoglossal canal

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11
Q

3 branches of trigeminal nerve

A

V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

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12
Q

Ophthalmic nerve

A

V1 branch of trigeminal nerve V; somatosensory from cornea, nose and forehead; superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

Maxillary nerve

A

V2 branch of trigeminal nerve; somatosensory from maxilla, upper lip & teeth, hard palate; foramen rotundum

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14
Q

Mandibular Nerve

A

V3 branch of trigeminal nerve ; tomato-sensory mandible, lower lip & teeth, anterior 2/3 tongue; motor to muscles of mastication

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15
Q

Facial Nerve

A

CN VII; Internal Aug Meatus;
Sensory - Taste: ant 2/3 of tongue
motor - muscles of facial expression
motor (visceral) - all glands (salivary) of face/oral cavity except parotid gland

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16
Q

Where does CSF drain into after the 4th ventricle?

A

into the sub-arachnoid space of cranial cavity

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17
Q

how much CSF is produced per day by the choroid plexus?

A

500ml

18
Q

where is the choroid plexus located?

A

It is a vascularized tissue found within all 4 cerebral ventricles

19
Q

What is the choroid plexus made up of ?

A

specialized epithelial cells which determine which solutes enter the CSF and which don’t

20
Q

what occurs when production of CSF is greater than absorption

A

hydrocephalus

21
Q

what are the functions of CSF?

A
  1. provides protection
  2. maintains constancy of environment for brain tissue (provides nutrients and ions)
  3. removes cellular waste products
22
Q

What is the total volume of the subarachnoid space?

A

150ml

23
Q

How is CSF drained from the subarachnoid space?

A

It is drained into venous sinuses by arachnoid villi

24
Q

What are arachnoid villi?

A

tufts of arachnoid that extend through dura (meningeal layer) into venous sinus

25
Q

Where are arachnoid villi most numerous?

A

superior sagittal sinus; are seen as arachnoid granulations

26
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?

A

functions to transport CSF from villi and granulations into venous blood.

27
Q

what 2 sets of arteries supply the brain?

A
  1. internal carotids

2. vertebrals

28
Q

what would result from occlusion in the middle cerebral artery?

A

Since this artery supplies the motor and pre-motor areas in the frontal lobe, a large area of the parietal lobe and the superior surface and anterior pole of the temporal lobe, occlusion may result in sensory and motor deficits of the contralateral body( trunk upper limbs, head and face & language deficits.

29
Q

occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery would result in what?

A

sensory and motor deficits of the contralateral body (lower limbs). This is because this artery supplies the medial and superior surfaces of frontal & parietal lobes

30
Q

What parts of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial and superior surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes

31
Q

what parts of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

lateral cortical and subcortical areas. Superior surface and anterior pole of temporal lobe

32
Q

what areas does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

occipital lobe and inferior surface of temporal lobe

33
Q

what do the vertebral arteries (before they form the basilar) supply?

A

cervical spinal cord and the cerebellum

34
Q

What is a stroke?

A

occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted

35
Q

What are the 2 types of strokes?

A
  1. Ischemic stroke - occlusion of vessels
  2. Hemorrhagic stroke - more commonly involves smaller vessels under chronic hypertension; also subarachnoid hemorrhage (due to aneurysms)
36
Q

what is a sinus?

A

channel carrying venous blood and convey that blood from the brain to the internal jugular veins; under low pressure

37
Q

what does the internal jugular vein do?

A

Drains the blood from the brain and returns it to the heart

38
Q

What cranial nerves are sensory (3) ?

A
  1. olfactory - olfactory information from olfactory epithelium through foramina of cribiform plate
  2. optic - carries visual information from retina through optic canal
  3. vestibulocochlear - balance and hearing from inner ear
39
Q

What cranial nerves serve motor functions?

A

3 extraoccular muscles:

  1. occulomotor (III) - 4/6 extrinsic muscles of the eye, and intrinsic muscles (iris and ciliary body/lens)
  2. trochlear (IV) - superior oblique (down and out muscle)
  3. abducens (VI) - lateral rectus (abducts eye)
  4. spinal accessory (XI) - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
  5. Hypoglossal (XII) - intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
40
Q

What cranial nerves are mixed?

A
  1. trigeminal
  2. facial
  3. glossopharyngeal
  4. vagus
41
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

CNIX; jugular foramen

sensory: taste: post 1/3 of tongue
motor - assist in swalling
motor (visceral) - parotid

42
Q

Vagus

A

CN X; Vagus; jugular foramen
sensory: taste: epiglottis; visceral sensory from reap.tract and viscera
motor - swallowing (vomiting)
motor (visceral) - respiratory tract, heart, and esophagus, stomach, intestines

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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