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ANAT1030 > Nervous System I > Flashcards

Nervous System I Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 cranial nerves are found in the midbrain?

A

CN III and CN IV

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2
Q

Where is the substantial nigra located?

A

Midbrain

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3
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

A

regulating motor activity

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4
Q

What area of the brain is damaged in parkinson’s disease?

A

substantia nigra

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5
Q

What is the reticular formation important in? Where is it located?

A

Consciousness and arousal. It is located in the midbrain

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6
Q

What are the functions of the Diencephalon? (3)

A

relays sensory, motor and autonomic information to cerebral cortex

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7
Q

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

A
  1. pons
  2. medulla (oblongata)
  3. cerebellum
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8
Q

What consists of the brainstem?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
    3 medulla
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9
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the Pons?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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10
Q

What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the medulla?

A

IX, X, XII

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11
Q

What functions do the medulla help control?

A

critical for control of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

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12
Q

What functions do the cerebellum control?

A
  1. maintaining equilibrium (receives inputs from vestibular apparatus of inner ear)
  2. Fine motor coordination (receives input from cerebrum (via pons) & proprioceptors - from spinal cord
  3. important for automatic/non-conscious adjustments in posture and locomotion
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13
Q

What are the names of the 3 meninges?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
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14
Q

What are the functions of the meninges?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Compartmentalization
  3. Conduit
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15
Q

What is a neuron?

A

specialized cells for rapid communication; reception, transduction and conduction of stimuli. They conduct signal (action potential) from one part of cell to another and which is then transmitted to other cells

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16
Q

glia

A

also known as neuroglia: support cells of the nervous system

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17
Q

SRI

A

serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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18
Q

what are the neuroglia in the cns called?

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. oligodendrocytes
  3. microglia
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19
Q

what are the neuroglia called in the PNS?

A
  1. schwann cells

2. satellite cells

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20
Q

astrocyte functions

A
  1. physical/structural support
  2. secreting growth factors
  3. metabolic support
  4. transmitter “scavengers” (limit diffusion)
  5. ionic and pH balance of environment
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21
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

provide the myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS

22
Q

in MS, what is targeted?

A

oligodendrocytes

23
Q

microglia

A
  1. macrophages of the nervous system (immune cells of the CNS)
  2. protect against viruses, bacteria and tumor cells
24
Q

during inflammation of the CNS what neuroglia cells are activated?

A

microglia

25
Q

schwann cells

A

myelin producing cells of the PNS

26
Q

satellite cells

A

support cells of the PNS found within ganglia

27
Q

how many spinal nerves?

A

31

28
Q

what is part of the central nervous system,?

A
  1. brain

2. spinal cord

29
Q

what is included in the PNS?

A
  1. cranial nerves (12)
  2. spinal nerves (31)
  3. associated structures like ganglia and sensory nerve endings
30
Q

what is fray matter?

A

consists of neurons embedded within glia

31
Q

white matter

A

nerve dibres/axons embedded in glial cells

32
Q

are blood vessels present in gray and white matter?

A

yes

33
Q

what are the 3 main sections that the brain is divided into?

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain (continuous with spinal cord)
34
Q

forebrain

A
  1. telencephalon

2. diencephalon

35
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

36
Q

hindbrain

A
  1. pons
  2. cerebellum
  3. medulla
37
Q

what does the telencephalon consist of?

A
  1. cerebral cortex (gray matter)
  2. white matter (axons)
  3. ventricles
  4. basal ganglia/basal nuclei
38
Q

what sulcus separates the hemispheres?

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

39
Q

3 imp concepts in cortical function

A
  1. functional localization
  2. “contralateral nature”
  3. cortical functions depend on connectivity
40
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

movements/motor, behaviour, speech, decision making, feelings, abstract thinking, intellect, personality

41
Q

what separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

central sulcus

42
Q

where is the primary motor cortex?

A

frontal cortex, pre-central gyrus

43
Q

post-central gyrus

A

found in the parietal lobe, primary somatosensory cortex. receives somatosensory information from opposite side of the body

44
Q

what is the parietal lobe critical for?

A

interpretation and understanding of sensory input

45
Q

what sulcus separates the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe?

A

parietocciptal sulcus

46
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

47
Q

what two important areas are found in the temporal lobe?

A
  1. primary auditory cortex

2. primary olfactory cortex

48
Q

what important structure is found in the temporal lobe?

A

hippocampus

49
Q

What makes up the basal nuclei?

A
  1. caudate
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
50
Q

what is the importance of the basal nuclei?

A

important in regulating motor activity

51
Q

what occurs when there is a lesion in the basal nuclei?

A

movement disorders called dyskinesias: involuntary or diminished movement . ex huntington’s disease

52
Q

what is in the diencephalon?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. subthalamus
  4. epithalamus

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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