Head and Neck - Lecture 1 Flashcards
How many bones is the neurocranium made up of?
8 bones total
4 single bones:
- frontal (1)
- ethmoid (2)
- sphenoid (3)
- occipital (4)
2 sets of paired bones
- temporal (5 & 6)
- parietal (7 & 8)
neurocranium
The bony case of the brain and its membranous coverings, the cranial meninges. It also contains the proximal parts of the cranial nerves and the vasculature of the brain.
calvaria - skullcap
cranial base - basicranium
consists of 8 bones
viscerocranium
The facial skeleton. Forms the anterior part of the cranium and consists of bones surrounding the mouth nose and most of the orbits. Consists of 15 bones:
3 singular bones:
mandible, ethmoid and vomer
6 paired bones:
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha
- zygomatic
- palantine
- nasal
- lacrimal
Why are the sinuses important?
The sinuses make the skull lighter so that it does not take as much energy to carry. The maxillary sinus is the storage space for teeth before the baby teeth come out. They are also important for resonation of the voice.
What is the biggest sinus in the skull?
maxillary sinus
The muscles of facial expression are innervated by what nerve?
Facial Nerve (VII)
What happens to patients with Bell’s Palsy?
Bell’s Palsy occurs when there is a peripheral lesion to facial nerve. Muscles on one side of the face are not innervated.
- droopy eyelid, dry eye; or excessive tears
- twitching or weakness
- Dropping corner of mouth, dry mouth
fascia
A cartilaginous sock that surrounds muscle to allow isolation
What are the muscles of mastication?
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
- masseter
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular nerve (V3)
*The mandibular nerve is the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve V (5) and is the only motor component
What muscles close the mouth?
- masseter
- temporal
- medial pterygoid
What muscles open the mouth?
- lateral pterygoid
2. supra-/infrahyoid muscles
What muscles contribute to protrusion of the mouth?
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
What muscles contribute to retrusion of the mouth?
- temporal
2. masseter
What areas do the external carotid and internal carotid arteries supply?
External - has many branches and supplies face
internal - provides the brain with blood. Posterior to external carotid artery
What is the infratemporal fossa?
Part of the temporal region of the skull. It is an irregular shaped space deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch, deep to the rams of the mandible and posterior to the maxilla.
What important artery is found in the infratemporal fossa?
Maxillary artery. It is the major artery to the deep face. Arises posterior to the neck of the mandible, courses anteriorly deep to the neck of the mandibular condyle, and then passes superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid.
What important nerve is found in the infratemporal fossa?
Mandibular Nerve
What connects the infratemporal fossa to the eye?
inferior orbital fissure
How many primary teeth are there? How many permanent teeth?
20; 32
Cleft Lip
During the development of the bony pallet, incomplete closure of hard palette and sometimes lip (soft palette). This prevents children from feeding properly. Milk comes out of the nose.
Which nerves are involved in taste sensations?
trigeminal - V
Facial - VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus - X
When someone is hanged, what happens to the cervical vertebrae?
The muscles that insert, rip off the bone. Example in notes showed C2 broken.
cervical vertebral column
- mobile “rod” of cervical vertebrae
- attachment points for muscles and fascia
- casing for the vertebral artery and spinal cord
What are the movements of the neck?
- Retroflexion
- Anteflexion
- Sideflexion
What would happen if there was a compression of the spinal cord at C5?
Everything below 5 will cease to innervate
