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ANAT1030 > Lecture 2 - Abdominal, Back & Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Abdominal, Back & Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main groups comprising the abdominal muscles?

A
  1. Anterior Abdominal wall

2. Posterior abdominal

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2
Q

What are the 3 muscles that comprise the anterior abdominal muscles?

A
  1. External oblique
  2. Internal oblique
  3. Transverse abdominus
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3
Q

What function do the anterior abdominal muscles serve?

A
  1. protection
  2. movement of the trunk
  3. changes in size of cavity
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4
Q

What muscles innervate the anterior abdominal muscles?

A

intercostal nerves - segmentally

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5
Q

External Oblique

A

outermost muscle fibbers that run from back to front in a downward (hands in pocket) direction

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6
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Deep to external oblique; fibbers are perpendicular to external obliques (hands on hips) up and medially

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7
Q

Transversus abdominus

A

deepest and parallel to the floor. Runs from ribs and pelvis to centre

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8
Q

rectus abdominus

A

Most superficial. Run on either side of linea alba

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9
Q

Tendinous intersections (inscriptions)

A

connective tissue divisions of the rectus abdomens. Divides muscle into 4 sections

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10
Q

The muscles of the back are important in

A

posture

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11
Q

What 2 groups are the back muscles divided into?

A
  1. Deep

2. Superficial - Erector Spinae Group

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12
Q

Where is the erector spinae group located? What 3 muscles comprise it?

A
  1. It is located on either side of the vertebral column

2. It is comprised of 3 muscles: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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13
Q

What are the 3 main deep back muscles?

A
  1. Quadratus Lumborum
  2. Psoas Major
  3. Iliacus
    * 2 and 3 share a common tendon and are together called the iliopsoas muscle
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14
Q

What does the Quadratus Lumborum do ?

A
  1. powers lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

2. stabilizes the 12th rib against the action of the diaphragm during inspiration

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15
Q

What does the iliopsoas do?

A

powers hip flexion

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the iliopsoas ?

A

femoral nerve

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17
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the shoulder girdle?

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Scapula
  3. Humerus
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18
Q

what function does the clavicle serve?

A

force absorption, dissipation of force, and rotation of the scapula in abduction.

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19
Q

Which two parts of the humerus allow for muscles to attach?

A
  1. Greater tuberosity

2. lesser tuberosity

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20
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint (S-C joint)? What plane does movement occur in?

A

Saddle type synovial joint. Multi axial plane

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21
Q

What two bones articulate in the Acromioclavicular joint (A-C joint)?

A
  1. lateral clavicle

2. acromion process

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22
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane type synovial joint

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23
Q

What two bones articulate in the shoulder (gleno-humeral) joint?

A

head of humerus and glenoid of the scapula

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24
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Multi-axial, ball & socket type synovial joint

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25
Q

Describe scapulothoracic articulation

A

Not a true joint because the scapula is not attached by ligaments to the thoracic cage but is free floating within a complex of muscle attachments

26
Q

Describe the movements of the shoulder girdle (4)

A
  1. Elevation/depression
  2. protraction/retraction
  3. Cross flexion/extension
  4. circumduction
27
Q

What 2 muscles connect the thorax to the humerus?

A
  1. Latissimus Dorsi

2. Pectoralis Major

28
Q

What are the 2 heads of the pectorals major and where do they attach?

A
  1. Clavicular head - attaches to medial, anterior clavicle

2. sternal head - attaches to sternum and costal cartilages of first 6 ribs

29
Q

What are the movements that the pectoralis major functions in?

A
  1. shoulder flexion
  2. adduction
  3. medial rotation
30
Q

What nerves innervate the pectorals major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

arises from thoracolumbar fascia or low back and inserts on the proximal part of the humerus

32
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

33
Q

How is the latissimus dorsi able to move ? What are some composite actions?

A
  1. shoulder extension; medial rotation

2. swimming; paddling

34
Q

What muscles connect the thorax to the scapula/clavicle (5) ?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. rhomboid major & minor
  3. serratus anterior
  4. pectoralis minor
  5. sternocleidomastoid
35
Q

Are the Latissimus dorsi and the pectorals major superficial or deep muscles?

A

superficial

36
Q

What bone does the trapezius act on?

37
Q

What nerve is the trapezius innervated by?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

38
Q

What does the upper part of the trapezius function in (2) ?

A
  1. Scapular elevation/rotation (shrug)

2. Neck side flexion (unilateral) or Extension (bilateral)

39
Q

What does the middle part of the trapezius function in?

A

Scapular retraction

40
Q

What does the lower part of the trapezius function in?

A
  • pull medial end of scapular spine down (depression of the shoulder blade)
  • rotates glenoid fossa upward
  • important to facilitate raising the arm over head
41
Q

Where do the Rhomboid Major and Minor originate and insert?

A

from vertebral column to scapula. runs obliquely down and laterally

42
Q

What do the rhomboid major & minor function in?

A

functions to retract scapula

43
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboid major & minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

44
Q

Where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?

A

from the chest to vertebral border of scapula, running between thorax & scapula

45
Q

What is the function of the serratus anterior?

A
  1. Protracts scapula

2. stabilizes scapula to posterior wall of thorax

46
Q

The serratus anterior is innervated by what nerve?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

47
Q

Which muscle is superficial to the pectoralis minor ?

A

pectoralis major

48
Q

What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

49
Q

How does the pectoralis minor function ?

A

actively protracts scapula (powers reach beyond reach)

50
Q

What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  1. head and neck flexion

2. tilts chin up and tortes to the opposite side

51
Q

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory Nerve (CNXI)

52
Q

What muscles connect the scapula/clavicle to the humerus

A
  1. Deltoid

2. Rotator cuff (SITS) muscles

53
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles? (4)

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
54
Q

Where is the deltoid located?

A

It is a round muscle that is found on the top of the shoulder and provides the bulk of the shoulder

55
Q

What are the 3 distinct heads of the deltoid? What movement does each facilitate?

A
  1. Anterior - shoulder abduction
  2. middle - shoulder flexion
  3. Posterior - shoulder extension
56
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid

A

axillary nerve

57
Q

What movement does that supraspinatus facilitate?

A

abduction of the shoulder

58
Q

What movement does the infraspinatus facilitate ?

A

lateral rotation of shoulder

59
Q

What movement does the trees minor facilitate ?

A

lateral rotation of shoulder

60
Q

What movement does the sub scapular facilitate?

A

medial rotation of shoulder

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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