Clinical Lecture - Abdomen

Question 1

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 1

displacement of intra-abdominal structures such as small intestine or greater momentum through a weak area of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

Question 2

what are the borders of the inguinal triangle?

Answer 2

medial: lateral edge of rectus abdomens
lateral: inferior epigastric artery and vein
inferior: inguinal ligament

Question 3

What is the difference between indirect and direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 3

indirect:
1. ) occurs lateral to epigastric artery
2. ) often congenital and more common in males than females

direct:
1. ) occurs medial to epigastric artery
2. ) occurs in adults (only males)
3. ) results from weakness of transversals fascia at inguinal triangle

Question 4

What is appendicitis?

Answer 4

inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Since the appendix has bacteria, it can be blocked which would cause bacteria to grow and build up leading to infection and inflammation

Question 5

Where is McBurney’s point?

Answer 5

• 1/3 of the distance along a straight line from the pelvis (anterior superior iliac spine) to the umbilicus
• tenderness over this point is a sign of appendicitis

Question 6

When someone has appendicitis, why does the pain begin at the umbilicus but move to the lower right abdomen by 24 hours?

Answer 6

• the appendix is innervated by nerves from T10 and the pain is “referred” to the area of skin innervated by T10 around the umbilicus
• once parietal peritoneum in the anterior abdominal wall gets inflamed, the pain moves

Question 7

appendectomy

Answer 7

removal of the appendix

Question 8

what are some causes of cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 8

• congenital conditions
• hepatitis
• chronic alcohol abuse

Question 9

What is portal hypertension?

Answer 9

elevated blood pressure in the portal venous system

- blood can’t get into liver. Blood backs up into portal venous system and elevates blood pressure

Question 10

What are signs of portal hypertension?

Answer 10

1. ascites - elevate pressure causes fluid to be squeezed out of the veins and collect in the abdominal cavity
2. caput medusae - enlarged veins and portal-systemic anast

Question 11

what are portal-systemic anastomoses?

Answer 11

sites of communication between the portal ands systemic circulation

Question 12

gastric ulcer

Answer 12

acid burns a hole in the stomach