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ANAT1030 > Abdomen II: Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdomen II: Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Trace the path from start to finish of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

mouth –> esophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> anus

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2
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis

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3
Q

At what level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm to reach the stomach?

A

T10

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4
Q

What region in the abdominal cavity is the stomach situated?

A

left hypochondriac and epigastric region

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5
Q

How many parts is the stomach divided into? Name them

A

6 parts:

  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. cardiac notch
  4. body
  5. pyloric antrum
  6. pyloric canal
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6
Q

what is the name for the mucosal folds in the stomach that are highly ridged?

A

rugae

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7
Q

what is the pyloric sphincter

A

A thick band that controls the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine (duodenum)

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8
Q

During digestion, what is the role of the small intestine?

A

nutrient absorption

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9
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. superior (1st) - anterolateral to body of L1 vertebra
  2. descending (2nd) - descends along the right side of the L1-L3 vertebrae. Where the major duodenal papilla is located
  3. horizontal (3rd) - cross the L3 vertebrae
  4. ascending (4th) - begins at the left of the L3 vertebrae, ascending to the superior border of the L2 vertebrae
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10
Q

The majority of the jejunum is located in what quadrant?

A

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

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11
Q

the majority of the ileum is located in what quadrant?

A

Right Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

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12
Q

What is the difference in colour between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - deeper red

I - pale pink

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13
Q

what is the difference in wall thickness between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - thick

I - thin

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14
Q

What is the difference in vascularity between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - more vascular

I - less vascular

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15
Q

What is the difference between the vasa recta (blood vessels in mesentery) between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - long

I - short

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16
Q

What is the difference in the arcades (blood vessels in the mesentery) between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - A few large loops

I - lots of short loops

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17
Q

What is the difference in mesentery fat between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - Less

I - More

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18
Q

What is the difference in the plicae circulares (internal circular folds) between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - lots of prominent folds, tightly bunched

I - sparse, absent in the distal part of the ileum

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19
Q

What is the different in peyer’s patches (lymphoid nodules) between the jejunum and ileum?

A

J - few

I - Many

20
Q

Describe the parts of the large intestine

A

cecum –> ascending –> transverse –> descending –> sigmoid colon – rectum –> anal canal

21
Q

What is the purpose of the large intestine in digestion?

A

re-absorbs water and electrolytes

22
Q

What are 3 distinguishing features of the large intestine?

A
  1. teniae coli
  2. haustra
  3. epiploic appendages
23
Q

teniae coli

A
  • found on the large intestine; 3 longitudinal bands of muscle
24
Q

Haustra

A
  • sacculations found along the length of the large intestine
  • formed by the action of the teniae coli
25
Q

epiploic appendages

A
  • small peritoneal pouches filled with fat
26
Q

What is the cecum?

A
  • the first part of the large intestine that is continuous with the ascending colon
  • point where the ileum meets the large intestine
27
Q

vermiform appendix

A

A blind-ending tube that is worm shaped. It is usually found posterior to the cecum (retrocecal)

28
Q

What are the major functions of the liver ?

A
  1. major metabolic organ - fats, proteins, carbohydrates
  2. glycogen synthesis and storage
  3. production of bile (fat digestion)
  4. detoxification of blood (excretion of bilirubin, metabolism of alcohol and other drugs)
29
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A
  1. right lobe
  2. left lobe
  3. caudate lobe (next to inferior vena cava)
  4. quadrate lobe (next to gall bladder)
30
Q

What is the purpose of the gall bladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

31
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

liver

32
Q

what structure does the bile pass through on its way to the gallbladder?

A

common hepatic duct

33
Q

What vessels does bile travel once expelled from the gall bladder?

A

gallbladder –> cystic duct –> common bile duct –> duodenum

34
Q

what are the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

endocrine - produces hormones that regulate blood sugar - insulin, glucagon

exocrine - produces digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin (aka. pancreatic juice)

35
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A
  1. lymphatic organ - filters blood to remove old erythrocytes
  2. immune organ - contains B and T lymphocytes
36
Q

what are the 3 major unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that supplies the viscera?

A
  1. celiac trunk
  2. superior mesenteric artery
  3. interior mesenteric artery
37
Q

what organs are supplied by the celiac trunk?

A
  1. liver
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
  4. part of the duodenum
  5. spleen
38
Q

what organs are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. part of the duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
  4. cecum & appendix
  5. ascending colon
  6. 2/3 of transverse
39
Q

what organs are supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. remainder of transverse colon
  2. descending colon
  3. sigmoid colon
  4. rectum
40
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  1. splenic artery
  2. left gastric artery
  3. common hepatic artery
41
Q

What are the main branches of the splenic artery?

A
  1. left - gastro-omental
42
Q

What organs does the splenic artery supply?

A

spleen and greater curvature of the stomach

43
Q

what are the main branches of the common hepatic artery?

A
  1. hepatic artery proper

2. gastroduodenal artery

44
Q

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A
  1. superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

2. right gastro-omental artery

45
Q

what are the major branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. jejunal and ileal arteries
  3. iliocolic artery - ileum, cecum, appendic, ascending colon
  4. right colic - ascending colon
  5. middle colic - 2/3 transverse colon
46
Q

What are the major branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. left colic artery - remaining 1/3 of transverse colon, descending
  2. sigmoid artery - descending, sigmoid
  3. superior rectal artery- rectum
47
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein?

A
  1. splenic vein
  2. superior mesenteric vein
  • inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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