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ANAT1030 > Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

True or false, the heart has its own pacemaker

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

in the mediastinum

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3
Q

Which way is the heart tilted?

A

to the anterior left

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4
Q

What is the sac that surrounds the heart and proximal part of the great vessels?

A

pericardium

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5
Q

What 2 layers make up the serous pericardium?

A
  1. the parietal layer - attached to the fibrous pericardium

2. visceral layer (epicardium) that lines the surface of the heart

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6
Q

What i the pericardial cavity?

A

the cavity between the parietal layer and visceral layer (epicardium) that lines the heart and contains a thin fluid film

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7
Q

What is the most superficial layer that covers the heart called?

A

the fibrous pericardium that attaches to the diaphragm inferiorly

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8
Q

True or false, the pericardial sac is attached to the diaphragm

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What are the two pericardial sinuses?

A
  1. transverse pericardial sinus

2. oblique pericardial sinus

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10
Q

What does the transverse pericardial sinus separate?

A

separates outgoing vessels from incoming vessels of the heart

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11
Q

The pulmonary trunk is attached to the aorta by what ligament?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

In the right lung, where is the bronchus in relation to the pulmonary artery?

A

Right main bronchus is posterior to pulmonary artery

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13
Q

in the left lunch, where is the bronchus in relation to the pulmonary artery?

A

Left main bronchus is inferior to the pulmonary artery

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14
Q

How many pulmonary arteries enter the lung? How many pulmonary veins leave the lung?

A

one pulmonary artery enters the lung; two pulmonary veins leave the lung

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15
Q

The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle, why?

A

The pressure is higher in the LV because it needs to pump to the systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation pressures is lower and so, it does;t need as much force

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16
Q

What are the muscles that protrude into the lumen and attach to the chord tendineae of the AV valve leaflets within the left ventricle?

A

2 papillary muscles: anterior and posterior

17
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle that attach to the chord tendineae?

A

3 papillary muscles:

  1. ) anterior
  2. ) posterior
  3. septal papillary muscle
18
Q

What is the septomarginal trabecula?

A

A moderator band found in the right ventricle that contains a part of the right AV bundle

19
Q

The atria of the heart have what kind of muscles in them?

A

pectinate muscles present in the auricles, the rest of the atrial wall has a smooth wall similar to veins

20
Q

What kind of valves are found between the atria and the ventricle?

A

atrio-ventricular valves
1. mitral (RA and RV)
2 tricuspid (LA and LV)

*closed by the contraction of papillary muscles

21
Q

Does the aortic valve ever open or close actively?

A

no. opens passively during systole and closes passively during diastole

22
Q

ventricular diastole

A

relaxation

23
Q

ventricular systole

A

contraction

24
Q

Which two valves of the heart are in the high pressure system?

A
  1. Aortic valve

2. mitral valve

25
Q

What two valves of the heart are in the low pressure system?

A
  1. pulmonary

2. tricuspid

26
Q

What are the arteries that supply the heart?

A
  1. R and L coronary arteries (found in the atrioventricular groove)
  2. marginal artery
  3. circumflex artery
  4. anterior interventricular artery
27
Q

What are the veins that drain the heart?

A
  1. small cardiac
  2. anterior cardiac
  3. great cardiac
28
Q

What important vessel in the heart collects the majority of the venous blood from the heart and opens into the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus

29
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A
  1. left atrium
  2. most of left ventricle
  3. part of the right ventricle
  4. anterior 2/3 of IVS
    5 AV bundle
  5. SA node (in 40% of cases)
30
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A
  1. right atrium
  2. most of the right ventricle
  3. diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle
  4. posterior 1/3 of IVS
  5. AV bundle
  6. SA node (in 60% of cases)
  7. AV node (in 80% of cases)
31
Q

List the pacemakers of the heart

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. His bundle
32
Q

What are the beats per minute of each of the heart pacemakers?

A

SA: 60 beats/min
AV: 40 beats/min
His bundle: 20 beats/min

33
Q

purkinje fibres

A

a special conducting system to carry impulses to heart muscle, they synchronize contractions

34
Q

What areas of the heart react to sympathetic stimulation?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Ventricular myocardium
  • increase heart rate, electrical conduction, excitability and contractility
35
Q

What areas of the heart react to parasympathetic stimulation ?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. no influence on ventricles
  • decrease heart rate, electrical conduction and excitability

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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