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ANAT1030 > Lecture 4 - Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • point where the two pubic bodies join anteriorly
  • has a dense fibrocartilagenous disc in between which allows minimal movement
  • softens and looses in late pregnancy
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2
Q

sacroiliac joint (SI joint)

A

The joint between the auricular surface of the ilium and the auricular surface of the sacrum

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3
Q

What kind of joint is the SI joint?

A
  • partly synovial (anterior) and partly fibrous (posterior)
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4
Q

lunate surface

A

horseshoe shaped articular (hyaline) cartilage that articulates with the head of the femur

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5
Q

acetabular fossa

A
  • deepest part of the acetabulum

- does not articulate with the femur

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6
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

A
  • btwn the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the innominate bone
  • synovial; ball and socket joint
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7
Q

3 ligaments that reinforce the sacroiliac joint

A
  1. sacroiliac ligament (ant and post)
  2. sacrotuberous ligament
  3. sacrospinous ligament
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8
Q

Which 3 ligaments function to resist excessive abduction in the hip joint?

A
  1. ilio-femoral
  2. pubo-femoral
  3. ischio-femoral
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9
Q

The innominate (hip) bone is comprised of what 3 bones?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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10
Q

sacroiliac joint

A
  • joins the sacrum to the ilium.
  • partly synovial (anterior) and partly fibrous (posterior)
  • important in walking and full forward flexion
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11
Q

What 3 ligaments support the sacroiliac joint?

A
  1. sacrospinous liagment
  2. sacrotuberous ligament
  3. sacroiliac ligament (anterior & posterior)
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12
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • where the two pubic bones join anteriorly
  • has a dense fibrocartilagenous disc in between which allows minimal movement
  • softens and loosens in late pregnancy
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13
Q

what kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

synovial ball and socket joint

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14
Q

What two bones articulate in the hip joint?

A

acetabulum of the innominate bone and the head of the femur

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15
Q

Describe the acetabulum.

A
  • made up of the three bones that make up the innominate bones
  • consists of a acetabular fossa which does not articulate with the femur
  • lunate surface - articular (hyaline) cartilage that articulates with the head of the femur
  • closed in by the transverse acetabular ligament
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16
Q

The hip joint capsule is reinforced by what 3 ligaments?

A
  1. pubo - femoral
  2. ischio - femoral
  3. ilio - femoral
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17
Q

What action does the gluteus maximus perform?

A
  1. hip extension
  2. external rotation (lateral rotation)

*pushing off for skating

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteus nerve (L5-S2)

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19
Q

what are the actions of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

A
  1. hip abduction

2. internal (medial) rotation of the hip

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minims?

A

superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1

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21
Q

What happens when the superior gluteal nerve is damaged?

A

Since this nerve innervates the gluteal medius and minimus, the butt will sag because supporting and steadying action of these muscles is lost and pelvis falls on side of raised limb.

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22
Q

What muscles comprise the gluteal region?

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. piriformis
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23
Q

What is the action of the piriformis muscle?

A

lateral rotation of the hip

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24
Q

what nerve innervates the piriformis muscle?

A

nerve to the piriformis S1 & S2

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25
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?

A
  1. hip flexion
  2. knee flexion
  3. abduction of the hip
  4. lateral rotation of the hip

*tailor sit muscle

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26
Q

What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle?

A

femoral nerve

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27
Q

what is the action of the ilio-psoas

A

flexion of the hip/thigh joint

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28
Q

What nerve innervates the ilio-psoas muscle?

A

Psoas - ventral rami of L1-L3

illiacus - femoral nerve

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29
Q

What are the 4 muscle compartments of the thigh?

A
  1. medial
  2. anterior
  3. posterior
  4. lateral
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30
Q

What 5 muscles compose the medial compartment in the thigh?

A
  1. adductor brevis
  2. adductor longus
  3. adductor magnus
  4. gracilus
  5. pectineus
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31
Q

What is the main action of the medial compartment muscles in the thigh?

A

adduction of the hip

32
Q

What nerve innervates the medial thigh compartment muscles?

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

33
Q

What is the main action of the anterior thigh muscles?

A
  1. hip flexion

2. knee extension

34
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

femoral nerve

35
Q

What actions do the posterior muscles of the thigh perform?

A
  1. knee flexion

2. hip extensor

36
Q

what actions do the lateral muscles of the thigh perform?

A

hip abduction

37
Q

What are the 4 muscles that compose the quadriceps femurs muscle group?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus intermedius
  4. vastus medialis
38
Q

what nerve innervates the quadriceps?

A

femoral nerve

39
Q

Where do the quadriceps insert?

A

tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon - patella - patellar tendon/ligament

40
Q

What is the patellofemoral joint (PFJ)?

A

articulation between the trochlea of the femur and the posterior surface of the patella

41
Q

What are the muscles that comprise the hamstrings?

A
  1. semitendinosus
  2. semimembranosus
  3. biceps femoris
42
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstrings?

A

sciatic nerve

43
Q

what does TFL/ITB Complex stand for?

A

tensor fasciae latae/iliotibial band

44
Q

What action does the tensor fasciae latae/iliotibial band perform?

A

abduction of the hip

45
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

synovial, modified hinge joint

46
Q

What muscles contribute to hip extension?

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. hamstrings
  3. adductor magnus
47
Q

What muscles contribute to hip flexion ?

A
  1. iliopsoas
  2. rectus femoris
  3. TFL
  4. Pectineus
  5. Adductor longus & brevis
48
Q

What muscles contribute to hip abduction?

A
  1. gluteus medius
  2. gluteus minimus
  3. tensor fascia lata (TFL)
  4. ilio tibial band (ITB)
49
Q

What muscles contribute to adduction?

A
  1. pectineus
  2. adductor magnus
  3. gracilis
  4. adductor longus & brevis
50
Q

what muscles contribute to internal rotation of the hip?

A
  1. gluteus medius

2. gluteus minimus

51
Q

What muscles contribute to external rotation of the hip?

A
  1. glut max

2. piriformis

52
Q

What force does the MCL (medial collateral ligament) resist?

A

valgus force

53
Q

what force does the LCL (lateral collateral ligament) resist?

A

varus force

54
Q

how many tarsals are there?

A

7

55
Q

how many metatarsals are there?

A

5

56
Q

how many phalanges are there?

A

14

57
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle joint?

A

synovial

58
Q

Ankle joint is made up of what 2 joints?

A
  1. talocrural (true) ankle joint

2. subtalar joint

59
Q

what bones make up the talocrural joint?

A

the distal end of the leg bones (tibia and fibula) and the talus. This joint is more stable with eversion than inversion.

60
Q

what movements occur at the talocrural joint?

A
  1. dorsiflexion

2. plantar flexion

61
Q

What bones make up the subtalar joint?

A

joint between the superior aspect of the calcaneus and the inferior aspect of the talus. This lets us perform inversion

62
Q

What movements occur at the subtalar joint?

A
  1. eversion

2. inversion

63
Q

What are 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A
  1. anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
  2. anterior tibiofibular ligament
  3. calcaneofibular ligament
64
Q

What are the 3 muscular compartments in the lower leg?

A
  1. anterior
  2. lateral
  3. posterior
65
Q

What actions does the anterior compartment of the lower leg perform?

A

dorsiflexion and toe extension

66
Q

what action does the lateral compartment of the lower leg perform?

A

eversion

67
Q

what action does the posterior compartment of the lower leg perform?

A

plantarflexion and toe flexion

68
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallucis longus
  3. extensor digitorum longus
  4. fibularis (peroneus) tertius
69
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment muscles in the lower leg?

A

deep peroneal nerve

70
Q

What 2 muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A
  1. peroneus longus

2. peroneus brevis

71
Q

What nerve innervates the 2 muscles that make up the lateral compartment?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

72
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A
  1. plantaris
  2. gastrocnemius
  3. soleus
73
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

tibial nerve

74
Q

which artery provides blood supply to the entire leg?

A

deep femoral

75
Q

what artery supplies the back of the knee?

A

popliteal

ANAT1030 (21 decks)

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