Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three types of neurone?
Sensory
Relay/process
Motor
What are the two components of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the periphery nervous system split into?
Somatic and autonomic
What are the three major components of the brain?
Cerebral hemispheres
Brain stem- regulates cardiovascular and breathing and sleep
Cerebellum- motor control
What is emerging from the spinal cord?
30 pairs of nerves
What do nerves carry?
Sensory and motor information
What is a ganglion?
Contains nerve cell bodies, linked by synapses
What are collections of cell bodies in the CNS called
Nuclei
What are traps?
Bundles of nerve fibres
What does folding of the cerebral cortex mean?
Increased surface area so more cell bodies and nerves can fit
What is grey matter and white matter?
White matter- outside of spinal cord made of axons
Grey matter- inside of spinal cord is composed of neurones
What happens in the grey matter of spinal cord?
Information processing
What occurs in the white matter of the spinal cord?
Dissemination of information
What does the ventral route contain?
Motor axons only
What does the dorsal route contain?
Sensory axons only
What is the dorsal and ventral horn?
Associated with dorsal and ventral routes
How do sensory neurones communicate?
Receptor sends information into a sensory neurone which leads to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Why is a sudounopolar neurone able to travel faster?
Cell body is only connected by one process so bypasses and travels much more quickly
What is a motor neurone?
Sends axon through ventral route towards muscle
What are dendrites for?
Receive and integrate information so cell can make a decision
Do motor neurones have a high metabolic demand?
Yes
What are interneurones?
Found solely in the central nervous system
Connect sensory with motor neurones
Responsible for processing
If you cut a cross section though the spinal nerve what do you see?
Not homogenous
All nerves are compartmentalised
In bundles
What are fascicles?
Bundles of axons
What is a perineurium?
Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
How many Schwann cells are per axon in the PNS?
1:1
What does a Schwann cell produce?
Myelin
What do myelinated Schwann cells do?
Insulate
What cells are in the CNS?
Oligodensdrisite
How many axons do oligodendrocites myelinate?
100s
What is an astrocyte?
Shaped like stars
Create blood brain barrier
Cellular vacuum cleaners
What are microglia?
Look for things that may cause damage to the brain, become activated, like macrophages
