Lymphatic System

Question 1

How many litres per day are collected as interstitial fluid?

Answer 1

3 litres

Question 2

What are the vessels called in the lymph system?

Answer 2

Lymphatics

Question 3

What cells are present in the lymph system?

Answer 3

Lymphocytes (B, T, Natural Killer cells)

Question 4

How much fluid goes into the lymphatic system per day?

Answer 4

20 litres

17 reabsorbed

Question 5

What are the three main parts of the Lymphatic system?

Answer 5

Lymph

Question 6

Why doesn’t lymph contain red blood cells?

Answer 6

Too large to fit through the capillary membrane

Question 7

What organs are important in the Lymph system?

Answer 7

Tonsils, Adenoids, Thymus, Spleen

Question 8

Where are lymphatic capillaries not present?

Answer 8

Bones, bone marrow, teeth and the CNS as have own drainage system

Question 9

What are lymphatic capillaries made from?

Answer 9

endothelial cells

Form flaplike minivalves

Question 10

What causes the movement of lymph through vessels?

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle movement, pressure changes in the thorax while breathing and adjacent artery pulsation, large lymphatics contain smooth muscle

Question 11

Where are lymphocytes found and mature?

Answer 11

Loose reticular connective tissue that makes up lymph nodes and some lymph organs

Question 12

What are MALTs?

Answer 12

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues e.g. tonsils and Peyer’s patches and vermiform appendix

Question 13

What is the role of Lymph Nodes?

Answer 13

Serve as a filter, traps antigens, processes antigen and presents processed antigens to T cells

Question 14

Where do afferent lymphatics enter?

Answer 14

Convex surface

Question 15

Where do efferent lymphatics leave?

Answer 15

Hilium

Question 16

What is a Follicular dendritic cell?

Answer 16

Located in germinal centres
form antigen antibody complexes which retain antigens for months
increase amount of memory B cells

Question 17

What are Antigen presenting cells?

Answer 17

B cells and Macrophages that are equipped with special immonostimulatory receptors that allow for activation of T cells

Question 18

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 18

The initial reaction of the body to an antigen

Question 19

What mediates the inflammatory response?

Answer 19

Neutrophils and or macrophages

Question 20

What is Humoral immunity?

Answer 20

B lymphocytes produce antibodies tha transform into plasma cells that synthesise and secrete specific antibodies

Question 21

What is cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 21

T cells need antigen presenting cells (macrophages and B lymphocytes) to recognise antigens

Question 22

What is cell mediated immunity important in defence against?

Answer 22

Viral, fungal and mycobacterial infections, tumour cells and transplant rejection

Question 23

What do B cells do?

Answer 23

Attack invaders outside cells

Question 24

What do T cells do?

Answer 24

Attack invades inside cells

Question 25

What causes lymph nodes to swell?

Answer 25

As lymph nodes figt infection the germinal centres fill with lymphocytes which causes swelling and pain

Question 26

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 26

Filters blood
Antigen presentation by APCs, activated and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes and produces antibodies, removes macromolecular antigens from blood, removed old erythrocytes and platelets, retrieves iron from haemoglobin

Question 27

Why is it okay to remove the spleen?

Answer 27

Liver and bone marrow will destroy old blood cells

Question 28

What are the problems with removing the spleen?

Answer 28

increases risk of infected by encapsulated bacteria and malaria, DVT and pulmonary embolism threefold

Question 29

What is the role of the thymus?

Answer 29

Maturation of bone marrow derived stem cells into immunocompetent T cells- thymic cell education

Question 30

When does the thymus become mostly fat?

Answer 30

late teens