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Body Logistics > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Two capillary systems in series

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2
Q

What are the two portal systems in humans?

A

Hepatic portal system

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

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3
Q

Where is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

A

blood supply to the anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Where does the hepatic portal system pass through?

A

stomach and intestines and then the liver

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5
Q

Whats travelling in the portal vein?

A

Water, vitamins, electrolytes, carbohydrates, proteins, interstinal hormones, toxins

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6
Q

What occurs in the liver only?

A

complete urea cycle (krebs)

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7
Q

What are toxins?

A

chemical, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nematodes, chested, trematodes

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8
Q

What does not travel in the portal vein?

A

Lipids- travel in lymphatics as chylomicrons

Fat soluble vitamins

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9
Q

What are lacteals?

A

specialised lymphatic vessels on the surface of the call intestine

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10
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Metabolism
Storage- carbs, fat, protein, iron, vitamins, glycogen
Detoxification
Bile production

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11
Q

What is produced in the liver?

A

Albumin, glycogen, coagulation factors, haematopoiesis

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12
Q

What is broken down in the liver?

A

Drugs, hormones, haemoglobin, poison, old blood cells if splenectomy

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13
Q

What is critical to the filtering function of the kidney?

A

Macrophages (kuppfer cells)

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14
Q

What is the exocrine function of the liver?

A

Bile secretion

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15
Q

What is the endocrine function of the liver?

A

produces hormones e.g. angiotensinogen
modifies vitamin d and thyroxine to active forms
Breaks down insulin, glucagon, oestrogen and progesterone

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16
Q

What is a hepatocte?

A

80% of liver cells, regenerates, lots of mitochondria, peroxisomes, free ribosomes, lots of RER, golgi and SER, glycogen deposits

17
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

Irregular tubular space for the passage of blood

18
Q

Where do the lymphatics arise and drain in the liver?

A

Arise- periportal space of mall

drain- liver hilium

19
Q

What is a bile canaliculus?

A

Hepatocytes create bile and put them in the bile canaliculus to the bile duct

20
Q

What are kuppfer cells?

A

macrophages that form part of the sinusoid

recycle old blood cells and ingest pathogens

21
Q

What are stellate cells?

A

Cytoplasmic vaculoles which contain vitamin A
In liver cirrhosis they stop storing liver and differentiate into myofibroblasts which synthesise collagen which constricts the central vein causing portal hypertension

Body Logistics (20 decks)

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