Neck Lumps

Question 1

What can cause neck lumps in children?

Answer 1

Thyroglossal cyst
Branchial cyst
Dermoid cyst
Lymphadenopathy
Cystic hygroma
Infantile haemangioma
Thyroid swellings
Neck abscess

Question 2

What causes a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 2

Remnant of thyroglossal cyst

Question 3

Where are thyroglossal cysts found?

Answer 3

Anterior triangle

Usually in midline + below hyoid

Question 4

What happens to a thyroglossal cyst on tongue protrusion?

Answer 4

Moves

Question 5

What is seen on ultrasound of a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 5

Thin walled

Anechoic

Question 6

What causes a branchial cyst?

Answer 6

Incomplete obliteration of branchial apparatus

Question 7

Which part of the branchial apparatus does a branchial cyst most commonly form from?

Answer 7

2nd branchial cleft

Question 8

Where are branchial cysts found?

Answer 8

Anterior to SCM

Near angle of mandible

Question 9

What is seen on ultrasound of a branchial cyst?

Answer 9

Anechoic

Question 10

What causes a dermoid cyst?

Answer 10

Derived from pleuripotent stem cells

Question 11

Where is a dermoid cyst found?

Answer 11

Midline

Above hyoid

Question 12

What is found in a dermoid cyst?

Answer 12

Calcium

Fat

Question 13

What causes a cystic hygroma?

Answer 13

Occlusion of lymphatic channels

Question 14

Where are cystic hygromas found?

Answer 14

Painless fluid filled lesions found posterior to SCM

Question 15

What age do cystic hygromas present?

Answer 15

< 2 years

Question 16

What is seen on ultrasound of cystic hygromas?

Answer 16

Hypoechoic

Question 17

Where are infantile haemangiomas found?

Answer 17

Either triangle of neck

Question 18

What happens to infantile haemangiomas?

Answer 18

Grow rapidly then regress

Question 19

What is seen on x-ray of an infantile haemangioma?

Answer 19

Mass lesion with calcified phleboliths