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Paediatrics > Food Allergy > Flashcards

Food Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is allergy?

A

A hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specific immunological mechanisms

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2
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Normal response to a stimulus

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3
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Abnormally strong response to a stimulus

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4
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

Production of IgE antibodies after repeated exposure to an allergen

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5
Q

What are the 14 major food allergens?

A 
Celery
Gluten 
Crustaceans
Eggs
Fish 
Lupin 
Milk 
Molluscs
Mustard
Nuts
Peanuts
Sesame seeds
Soya 
Sulphur dioxide
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6
Q

What are the types of food allergy?

A

IgE mediated

Non IgE mediated

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7
Q

What is the onset of IgE mediated allergy?

A

Immediate

- 5-30 mins

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8
Q

What are the common foods triggering an IgE mediated allergy?

A 
Milk 
Eggs
Peanuts
Nuts
Fish 
Shellfish
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9
Q

What is the onset of non IgE mediated allergy?

A

Delayed

- hours to days

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10
Q

What are the common foods triggering a non IgE mediated allergy?

A

Milk
Soya
Wheat

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of IgE mediated allergy?

A 
Urticaria 
Angioedema 
Cough 
Wheeze
V+D
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of non IgE mediated allergy?

A

Multiple GI symptoms

  • food refusal
  • abdo pain
  • loose stools
  • constipation
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13
Q

What are the presentations of IgE mediated allergy?

A

Urticaria
Anaphylaxis
Food-associated exercise induced anaphylaxis
Pollen food syndrome

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14
Q

What is food-associated exercise induced anaphylaxis?

A

Food triggers anaphylaxis only if ingestion is followed within 2 hours by exercise

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15
Q

What is pollen food syndrome?

A

Pruritus and mild oedema confined to the oral cavity

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16
Q

What are the presentations of non IgE mediated allergy?

A

Proctocolitis
Enterocolitis
Eosinophilic oesophagitis
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

17
Q

What is proctocolitis?

A

Passage of bright red blood in mucosy stool in otherwise asymptomatic infants

18
Q

What is enterocolitis?

A

Multiple and varying GI symptoms including

  • feed refusal
  • persistent vomiting
  • abdominal cramps
  • loose stools
  • constipation
19
Q

What is eosinophilic oesophagitis?

A

Symptoms from oesophageal inflammation and scarring of feeding disorders, reflux symtpoms and food impaction

20
Q

What is food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome?

A

Profuse vomiting leading to pallor, lethargy and shock

Primarily affects infants

21
Q

How do you diagnose food allergy?

A

Medical history
Physical examination
Screening tests
Diagnosis verification

22
Q

What are key points to ask in an allergy history?

A 
Age of onset
List of symptom causing foods
Intercurrent illnesses
All symptoms
Severity of symptoms 
Timing of onset
Duration of symptoms
23
Q

What screening tests are done?

A

Skin prick tests
Elimation diets
Immunoassay

24
Q

What is diagnosis verification?

A

Controlled oral food challenges

Paediatrics (40 decks)

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