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BACTERIOLOGY & MYCOLOGY LECTURE > MYCOPLASMA > Flashcards

MYCOPLASMA Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Mycoplasma falls under what class?

A

Class Mollicutes (soft-skin)

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2
Q

Each species of Mycoplasma is adapted to specific host. True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

When was Mycoplasma first isolated? Who isolated Mycoplasma?

A

1891 by Nocard

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4
Q

What disease is caused by first isolated Mycoplasma?

A

Contagious bovine pleuropnuemonia

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5
Q

_____ is used to describe mycoplasma.

A

Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO)

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6
Q

_____ is covering of mycoplasmas with host antigens due to intimate association with host cell and tendency of exogenous proteins to bind with mycoplasmal membranes.

A

Capping

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7
Q

Give the morphological characteristics of Mycoplasma.

A
  • Extremely pleomorphic: cocci, filaments, spirals, rings, globules and granules
  • Plasticity is due to lack of cell wall
  • Basic shape is cocci, filamentous forms transient
  • Ability to change shape due to presence of contractile protein resembling actin and gliding motility based on this contractile material
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8
Q

Mycoplasma is Gram (-), however basic stains are not satisfactory to confirm. What are the alternatives?

A
  1. Giemsa
  2. Castaneda
  3. Dienes
  4. Methylene blue methods
    *** Results in pink or purple appearance
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9
Q

Some Mycoplasma spp. have specialized tip structures called ?

A

Polar bleb

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10
Q

Internal structure of Mycoplasma is composed of?

A

Ribosome and DNA strands

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11
Q

Describe the membrane of Mycoplasma.

A

Trilaminar and lacks skeletal support of peptidoglycan foundation in cell wall

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12
Q

Mycoplasma require ____ for growth.

A

Cholesterol or sterols (serum is most commonly used)

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13
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the growth of Mycoplasma spp.?

A

Regulates membrane fluidity during changes in growth and temperature and necessary ingredient for membrane synthesis.

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14
Q

Mycoplasma thrives in what atmospheric condition and what pH?

A

Anaerobic - 10% CO2
ph 7.6-8.0

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15
Q

Describe the colony of Mycoplasma.

A

Typical colony is minute with fried egg appearance: flat transparent ring with central granular area embedded in agar

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16
Q

_____ degradation is the source of energy for non-fermentative Mycoplasma strains/.

A

Arginine

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17
Q

Mycoplasma can be propagated in embryonated egg. True or False?

A

True

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18
Q

What are the identification methods for Mycoplasma spp.?

A
  1. Purification by picking and cloning
  2. Sensitivity to digitonin –> paper disk method (Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma sensitive)
  3. Growth inhibition test based on specific antiserum and monoclonal antibodies, colony immunofluorescence (epifluorescence), CFT, ELISA
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19
Q

Mycoplasma can synthesize purine but not pyrimidine bases. True or False?

A

False, can not synthesize both

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20
Q

What is the type species of Mycoplasma?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides

21
Q

Mycoplasma is commensal of ?

A
  1. Bovine mucous membranes
    * Pathogens of:
    a. respiratory tract
    b. ocular
    c. mammary tissues
    d. urogenital tissues
22
Q

M. mycoides subsp. mycoides causes what disease?

A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

23
Q

Describe the morphology of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A

Rho forms –> cells with axial fibers and a terminal swelling

24
Q

What are the 2 colony types of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

A
  1. Small colony type
  2. Large colony type
25
Q

Describe the small colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A

SC not visible until after 3 days on BAP -> diameter no greater than 0.1 mm; in CBPP

26
Q

Describe the large colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A

LC visible at 2 days -> diameter 0.4 to 0.7 mm; in goats seldom in cattle

27
Q

What are the antigens of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

A
  1. Capsular galactan
  2. Membrane proteins
    ** Galactan protects precipitinogen
28
Q

M. mycoides subsp. mycoides is an obligate parasite of ?

A

Cattle and water buffaloes

29
Q

What are the transmission routes of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

A
  1. Droplet inhalation (close and prolonged contact required)
  2. Via the placenta and shed in the urine
30
Q

Give the signs of acute infection of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A

Respiratory distress

31
Q

Give the signs of chronic infection of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

A
  • moist cough, fever, nasal discharge, reluctance to move
  • Infected lung foci becomes encapsulated
  • Pleural cavity contains great amounts of fluid 15 to 20 liters
  • Lung inflamed with thin deposit of fibrin
  • When lobes incised, fluids run out, coagulating after a few hours
32
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for M. mycoides subsp. mycoides?

A

Samples from fluids by dark field or phase microscopy

33
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Induces mastitis, abortion; affects reproductive system
A

M. alkalescens

34
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Hydrolyzes arginine, common commensal o mucosal surface of ruminants
A

M. arginini

35
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Genital tract of heifers and seminal fluid of bulls; commensal of genital tract
A

M. bovigenitalium

36
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Parasitic commensal of bovine respiratory tract
A

M. bovirhinis

37
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting cattle with the given data:

  • Acute, rapidly spreading mastitis
38
Q

M. bovoculi, M. californicum, M. canadense, and M. dispar affects what animal?

A

Cattle & buffaloes

39
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting goats and sheep with the given data:

  • Induces contagious agalactiae
A

M. agalactiae

40
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting goats and sheep with the given data:

  • Induces septicemia, polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, and mastitis
A

M. capricolum

41
Q

This Mycoplasma specie induces enzootic pneumonia in pigs.

A

M. hyopneumonia

42
Q

M. hyopneumonia lives only in ?

A

Respiratory tract of pigs
** Survives only briefly in external environment

43
Q

M. hyopneumoniae spread via?

A

Aerosol in infected pigs

44
Q

M. hyopneumonia mainly affects swine that is what age?

A

3 to 10 weeks of age

45
Q

Give the clinical signs induced by M. hyopneumonia.

A
  • Dry cough that lasts for a few weeks or persists indefinitely
  • Pigs eat well but unthrifty and slow to gain weight -> stunted
  • Organisms adhere to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial surfaces of lungs causing ciliostasis
  • Lesions are hepatized purplish or grayish pneumonic areas in apical or cardiac lobes
46
Q

Identify the Mycoplasma species affecting swine with the given data:

  • Normal inhabitant of nasopharynx of swine
A

M. hyorhinis

47
Q

M. gallisepticum causes what disease?

A
  • Cause of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, turkeys, pheasant, pigeon, partridge
  • Known as infectious sinusitis in turkey (IST)
48
Q

Give the morphology of M. gallisepticum.

A

Ovoid with characteristic polar bleb which serves as adhesion organ

49
Q

Give the pathogenesis of M. gallisepticum.

A
  • Spread by aerosol, by contact and via the egg
  • Enhances severity of infection by H. gallinarum (H. paragallinarum – fowl coryza), E. coli, infectious bronchitis virus
  • Tracheal rales, nasal discharge and coughing

BACTERIOLOGY & MYCOLOGY LECTURE (37 decks)

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