CHLAMYDIA Flashcards
Does not include the pathogenesis etc. of each diseases. Kindly refer to PPT.
Chlamydiae can survive for long periods in the soil and feces. True or False?
True
Chlamydophila suis induces what ds.?
- Intestinal infections in pigs
Describe the morphology of Chlamydiae spp.
- Non-motile
- Gram-negative
- Pleomorphic
- Obligate intracellular parasite
Chlamydia felis induces what ds.?
- Conjuctivitis (feline pneumonitis)
Chlamydia has 2 stages/forms. What are these and give their corresponding “bodies”?
- Infectious forms - elementary bodies
- Intracytoplasmic forms - reticulate bodies
Identify the phase of chlamydial life cycle with the given data:
- Induction of metabolic activities with elementary bodies
- Activity stimulated by uptake of elementary body by host cell
- Once phagocytosed, they form intracytoplasmic, membrane-limited inclusions within the phagocytic vacuole
Phase 2
Chlamydia is resistant to many antibiotics. True or False?
False, susceptible to broad-spectrum antibiotics
Identify the phase of chlamydial life cycle with the given data:
- Characterized by reversion of the mature reticulate bodies back into elementary bodies which occurs within 20 to 30 hours after replication
- Forty to 60 hours following replication, the host cell lyses and releases new elementary bodies capable of infecting more host cell
Phase 4
Identify the phase of chlamydial life cycle with the given data:
- Elementary bodies before uptake by target cell (dormant phase)
- During initial infection or release of infectious particles from lysed host cell
- Elementary bodies have very little metabolic activity during this time
Phase 1
Chlamydophila pneumoniae induces what ds.?
- Respiratory infections in humans
- Horses - respiratory infections
- Koalas- conjunctivitis
*** One serovar
Identify the phase of chlamydial life cycle with the given data:
- Characterized by transformation of elementary bodies into non-infectious
- Transformation is result of nucleoid dispersion
- Reticulate body enlarges in diameter to 0.5-0.6 um -> 10 to 15 hours later, reticulate bodies divide by binary fission
Phase 3
Chlamydia have toxins. True or False?
False
Chlamydia trachomatis induces what ds.?
- Trachoma
- Inclusion conjunctivitis in humans
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Other genital tract infections
- Proctitis in humans
** Many serovars
** Organism have also been isolated from swine and ferrets
Chlamydophila pecorum induces what ds.?
Recovered from cattle and sheep
* Sporadic bovine encephalitis
* Infectious polyarthritis
* Pneumonia and diarrhea
Chlamydophila caviae induces what ds.?
- Inclusion conjunctivitis in guinea pigs
Chlamydophila abortus induces what ds.?
- Enzootic abortion of sheep and goats
- Chlamydial abortion in cattle, pigs, and goats
There are 4 phases of chlamydial life cycle. What event does it start with?
- Life cycle begins as highly infectious elementary bodies capable of entering host epithelial, mucosal, or phagocytic cells via phagocytosis
- Elementary bodies spherical and approximatelyn0.25um in diameter
Chlamydia is metabolically capable of hydrolyzing glucose, pyruvate, and glutamate. True or False?
True
Chlamydia spp. infect the mucous membranes of ?
Respiratory system and gastrointestinal tracts of normal animals including avian species.
Chlamydia have both RNA and DNA. True or False?
True
Chlamydophila psitacci induces what ds.?
- Avian chlamydiosis
- Bovine abortion
- Psittacosis in humans
Give the pathogenesis of Chlamydia spp.
- The LPS considered a putative virulence factor -> stimulates inflammatory response by the host that can result to atherosclerosis -> stimulation of production of immune complexes that can result in human stroke
- Production of CPAF or chlamydial protease or proteasome-like activity factor which allows chlamydia to escape recognition by T-cells, allowing the bacterium to continue its life cycle repeatedly within the host
* CPAF degrades the host transcription factors associated with the production of MHC or major histocompatibility complex molecules
* CPAF is unique to and highly conserved among the chlamydiae - Type III secretion apparatus
* Provides a “pore” in the vacuole membrane and allows transport of products into the cytosol of the host cells; CPAF maybe secreted in this manner
* Chlamydiae have predilection for epithelial cells of the mucous membranes although other tissues are infected
* Pneumonia develop from inhalation of infectious dust droplets in enzootic abortion in ewes, mode of infection is ingestion and organisms localize in the placenta
* Latency is common feature of chlamydial infections which can be activated by various stress and concurrent infections
* Chlamydial LPS stimulates interleukin -1 production, which mediates inflammation and scarring
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila belong to Phylum ___ or the ____ forms.
IX; Wall-less forms
Chlamydia muridarum induces what ds.?
Respiratory infections in mice
Between elementary bodies and reticulate bodies, which one produce hemagglutinins?
Elementary bodies
_____ bodies are shed in secretions and feces in small number from asymptomatic animals.
Elementary
Describe the antigen complex of Chlamydia spp.
Antigen is a complement fixation antigen which is a LPS in nature with ketodeoxyoctanoic acid as the reactive moiety
