HELICOBACTER Flashcards
Helicobacter spp. are carried in stomach or intestines without apparent disease. True or False?
True
What is the transmission route of Helicobacter?
- Feco-oral
- Oral-oral
Humoral and cellular immunity are effective against Helicobacter infection. True or False?
False, no protective immunity
Once Helicobacter is present in gastric mucus layer, it breaks down ____ producing ____ and ____ thus raising pH.
urea; ammonia and CO2
Describe the morphology of Helicobacter.
- Gram-negative
- Spiral and curved
- Motile
Helicobacter spp. live beneath mucus coating, where pH reaches ____.
pH 7.4
What is the pathogenesis/clinical signs induced by Helicobacter?
- Capable of causing chronic gastritis (antrum) duodenitis and duodenal ulcers in humans
- Gastric ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma
*** Similar disease in cats
What are the treatment methods against Helicobacter infection?
- Metronidazole with amoxicillin or tetracycline and both combinations with bismuth sub-salicylate
- Amoxicillin with omeprazole; cimetidine
Helicobacter spp. resembles what bacteria?
Campylobacter
What is the most common Helicobacter spp. in dogs and cats?
H. heilmannii
Classify Helicobacter acc. to its O2 requirement.
Microaerophilic
____ Helicobacter spp. are found in stomach or intestines of animals and humans.
19
What are diagnostic methods for Helicobacter?
- Isolation and identification
- Evidence of gastritis
- Urease production
- Scrapings of gastric mucosa under phase microscopy
- Skirrow’s medium and chocolate agar with addition of antibiotics
What are the virulence factors of Helicobacter?
- Adhesim
- Flagella
- Cytotoxin
- Urease
- Acid-inhibitory protein
- Mucinase
- Catalase
- Superoxide dismutase
- Vacuolating cytotoxin (Vac A)
- Cytotoxin-associated gene (Cag A)
